At the end of a paper, you need to include a Bibliography (or Works Cited/References if you are using the Author-Date system) that lists all of the sources to which you referred in writing your paper.
- The title “Bibliography” is centered and placed one inch from the top of the page. If you are using the Author-Date citation system, write "Works Cited" or "References".
- Sources are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
- List multiple works by the same author in alphabetical order by the title of the work.
- Each source is listed along with its full publication information.
- Each entry is formatted with a hanging indent. The first line of this citation is left justified and subsequent lines are indented five spaces. How do I create a hanging indent
- The Chicago Manual of Style recommends that you double space all entries to maintain consistency with the manuscript. However, this is not a convention followed by all academics; please follow the directions of your course instructor.
Notice the similarities and differences between footnotes and bibliographic entries:
- In footnotes, information is separated by commas, while in the bibliography it is separated by periods.
- In footnotes, the author's first name is listed first, while in the bibliography the author's last name is listed first.
- The titles of books and journals are put in italics.
- The titles of articles are put in quotation marks.
- All key words in titles are capitalized.
The information you include in a bibliographic entry varies based on the type of source you cite; navigate to the following pages to learn more: