- Book with single author
- Book with 2 or 3 authors
- Book with 4 or more authors
- Electronic book
- Book with a translator
- Book with group/corporate author
- Book with no given author
- Book that has been reissued or republished
- Book that is an edition other than the first
Book With One Author
1. Finis Dunaway, Natural Visions: The Power of Images in American Environmental Reform (University of Chicago Press, 2005), 15.
2. Dunaway, Natural Visions, 200.
LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.
Dunaway, Finis. Natural Visions: The Power of Images in American Environmental Reform. University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Notice:
- In the footnote, the author's first name is listed first. In the bibliography, the author's last name is listed first.
- Titles of books are listed in italics.
Book With Two or Three Authors
If the book has two or three authors or editors, list both names in the order that they appear on the title page. Separate the names with commas and write "and" before the last name.
1. Myra Sadker and David Sadker, Failing at Fairness: How America's Schools Cheat Girls (Touchstone, 1995), 12.
2. Sadker and Sadker, Failing at Fairness, 15.
LastName, FirstName, and FirstName LastName. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.
Sadker, Myra, and David Sadker. Failing at Fairness: How America's Schools Cheat Girls. Touchstone, 2005.
Notice:
- In the bibliography, the first author's name is inverted but the second author's name is not.
- In the bibliography, there is a comma in between the first author's first and last names AND between her last name and the word "and." You write out the full word "and" rather than using the “&” symbol.
Book With Four To Ten Authors
In the footnote or endnote, list only the first author followed by "et al." In the bibliography, you should list all of the authors if there are five or less. If a text has six or more authors, then you list the first three authors and then write "et al." in the Bibliography entry.
1. Paul Boyer et al., The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2007), 18.
2. Boyer et al., The Enduring Vision, 25.
LastName, FirstName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.
Boyer, Paul, Clifford Clark, Joseph Kett, Neil Salisbury, and Harvard Sitkoff. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005.
Notice:
- In the bibliography, the first author's name is inverted but the rest of the authors' names are not.
- In the bibliography, there is a comma in between the first author's first and last names AND between the second last name and the word "and." You write out the full word "and" rather than using an ampersand (&).
Electronic Book
For books used in an electronic format, indicate the format used at the end of your citation. These are often the service used to access the book, such as Kindle, EPUB, Apple Books, Google Play Books. Because many e-books will not have page numbers, or have page numbers which differ from its printed counterpart, include chapter or section numbers as locators.
When citing a book that you read online, include the web address for the book (DOI or URL) and, if it is time sensitive, the date on which you accessed it.
Downloaded e-book
1. Kevin Chong, My Year of the Racehorse: Falling in Love With the Sport of Kings (Greystone Books, 2012), Kindle edition, chapter 10.
2. Chong, My Year of the Racehorse, Chapter 4.
LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. E-book format.
Chong, Kevin. My Year of the Racehorse: Falling in Love With the Sport of Kings. Greystone Books, 2012. Kindle edition.
Books Used Online
1. Walter L. Adamson, Avant-grade Florence: From Modernism to Fascism (Harvard University Press, 1993), 82, https://www.fulcrum.org/concern/monographs/3r074v01q.
Subsequent Footnote/Endnotes
2. Adamson, Avante-garde Florence, 12.
Bibliography
LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. URL
Example
Adamson, Walter L. Avant-garde Florence: From Modernism to Fascism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pagevieweridx?c=acls;cc=acls;rgn=fu... =image;seq=00000005
Notice:
- When a URL is too long to fit on one line, create a break where there is punctuation (period, slash, dash); do not add a hypen to the URL. The break comes after a single or double slash and before a period, comma, tilde, hyphen or underline. A line break can come before or after an ampersand or equals sign.
Book With A Translator
If a book has a translator, write the abbreviation "trans." after the name of the translator.
3. Menander, Plays and Fragments, trans. Norma Miller (London: Penguin, 1987), 12.
6. Meander, Plays and Fragments, 82.
LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. Translated by FirstName LastName. Publisher, Year of Publication.
Meander. Plays and Fragments. Translated by Norma Miller. Penguin, 1987.
Notice:
While they are vital to our understanding of the text, do not include the translator in the author section. If you are citing multiple translations of the same book, include the translator in your shortened footnote.
Book With Group or Corporate Author
Some texts have a corporation, organization, association, or institution listed as their author rather than an individual. In such cases, the name of the organization is put in place of the author's name.
1. American Psychological Association, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. (American Psychological Association, 2010), 25.
3. American Psychological Association, Publication Manual, 25.
Group or Corporate Name. Title of Book. Number of ed. Publisher, Year of Publication.
American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 6th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 2010.
Book With No Given Author
If a work has no author, editor, or other contributor, begin the note or bibliographic entry with the title of the work. Leave out articles such as "The" or "A" at the beginning of the title. If a book is only listed by the editor or translator, provide that information.
1. 1990 Stoddart Restaurant Guide to Toronto (Toronto: Stoddart, 1990), 10.
Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication.
1990 Stoddart Restaurant Guide. Stoddart, 1990.
Notice:
- In this example, for a work with no author, the title includes numbers which can make it tricky for your bibliography. Treat numerals as if they are in word form. This entry would be listed alphabetically under "N" for "nineteen ninety".
Book that has been Reissued or Republished
1. T. J. Jackson Lears, No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture, 1880-1920 (1981; reis., University of Chicago Press, 1994), 24.
2. Lears, No Place of Grace, 200.
LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. Original Publication information.
Lears, T. J. Jackson. No Place of Grace: Antimodernism and the Transformation of American Culture. University of Chicago Press, 1994. First published 1981 by Pantheon.
Notice:
- In the footnote, the original date of publication is listed first and is followed by the publisher and date of reissue. In the footnote, "reis." is used as an abbreviation for reissued. In the bibliography, the publisher and date of reissue are listed first. The original publication date and publisher are listed last. If you do not know the original publisher, simple write "First published 1981" and do not specify the publisher's name.
Edition Other Than the First
When referencing a book that is an edition other than the first, write the edition number or description after the title followed by the abbreviation “ed.”
1. Wayne Weiten and Doug McCann, Psychology: Themes and Variations, 2nd Canadian ed. (Nelson Education, 2010), 13.
2. Weiten and McCann, Psychology, 212.
LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. Edition. Publisher, Year of Publication.
Weiten, Wayne and Doug McCann. Psychology: Themes and Variations. 2nd Canadian ed. Touchstone, 2005.