MLA Style: Citing Other Sources

1. Lecture, address or reading
2. Citing Indigenous Oral Knowledge
3. Work of art
4. Film
5. Television program
6. Sound recording

Lecture, Address or Reading

In-Text Citation

(Bode) (Heyes)

Works Cited

Untitled Lecture

Lecturer's Last Name, First Name. Description of source. Name of the Course, Day Month Year, Venue (in the case, university). 

Example:

Bode, Rita. Lecture. English 1000h, 18 Mar. 2016, Trent University.

Lecture with a Title

Speaker's Last Name, First Name First. "Title of Address." Title of Conference or Meeting, if applicable, Name of Sponsoring Organization, Day, Month, Year, Venue and City

Example:

Heyes, Scott. "Healing with the Ancestors: A Vision for Protected Areas and Visitor Centres in Arctic Quebec, Canada." Frost Centre for Canadian Studies and Indigenous Studies, 3 Mar. 2010, Champlain College Lecture Hall, Trent University, Peterborough ON.

Notice:

• After the speaker's name, the title of the presentation (if known or if there is one) is given in quotation marks. For the first example, the lecture has no title, so a description is given. In most university courses, the lectures are titled. Check your course outline for this information. Because this lecture had no title, the entry ends with a descriptive label, in this case, “lecture.”
• The title of the presentation, if there is one, or the presenter's name if there is no title, is followed by the title of the conference or meeting, if there is one,  the name of the sponsoring organization (if applicable), the date, and the venue, including the city if the venue name does not mention the city.
• For a lecture given in a course, the sponsoring organization and the location would simply be the name of the course and the university in which the course is taught.

Work of Art

In-Text Citation

In many cases, parenthetical citations for works of art would not be necessary. It would be easier to simply refer to the author and work in the essay text:

"The Mary of Michelangelo's Pieta is younger looking than other Marys in other sculptures and paintings of this subject."

However, if parenthetical citations are used, the artist's name goes in the parenthesis.

(Michelangelo)

(Osgood)

Works Cited

Original Form or Unpublished Source

Artist's Name, Last Name First. Work of Art. Date of Composition, Institution Where Work Is Shown, City Where Institution Is Located. Version.

Examples:

Michelangelo. Pieta. 1499, St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. Marble sculpture.

Osgood, Charles. Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1840. 1840, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA.

Notice:

• The artist's name is followed by the name of the work in italics, the date of composition, the medium of composition, the institution where the work is shown, and the city where institution is located. For works found in private collection, "Collection of..." would go in place of the institution.

Photographic reproductions of the work - Online

Artist's Name, Last Name First. Work of Art. Date of Composition, Institution Where Work Is Shown, City Where Institution Is Located. Title of Website, URL or permalink. Accessed Day Month Year (optional). 

Examples:

Michelangelo. Pieta. 1499, St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. RomaViva.com, www.romaviva.com/vaticano-castel-santangelo/pieta-michelangelo_eng.htmeb. Accessed 13 Dec. 2016.

Osgood, Charles. Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1840. 1840, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA. Hawthorne in Salem, www.hawthorneinsalem.org/images/image.php?name=MMD115eb. 

Photographic reproductions of the work - Print

Artist's Name, Last Name First. Work of Art. Date of Composition, Institution Where Work Is Shown,  City Where Institution Is Located. Title of Book, Number of edition if applicable, by Author’s Name or edited by Editor’s Name, Publisher, Year of Publication, page number or Other Reproduction Medium.

Example:

Osgood, Charles. Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1840. 1840, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA. The American Tradition in Literature Vol. I, 9^th ed., edited by George Perkins and Barbara Perkins, McGraw-Hill College, 1999, Plate. 

Notice:

• The entry starts with the artist's name and is followed by the work of art, date of composition, institution where the work is shown, and the city where institution is located.
• Information about the art work is followed by complete publication information of the source in which the art work is reproduced.
• Also included is the way in which the work is reproduced in the book. In the example, the painting is reproduced on special shiny paper in the book, called a plate. Other reproduction media could be slide, figure, or page. Sometimes these are numbered, for example: Plate 5, Slide 2, Page 188.
• You may choose to include an access date if the website maybe changed or updated. 

Film

In-Text Citation

(Vertigo) or (Hitchcock) or (Rear Window)

Works Cited

An entry for a film usually begins with the film title, followed by director, film studio or distributor, and year of release. Performers can also be included after the director:

Title of Film. Directed by Director’s Name, performances by Performers’ Names, Film Studio or Distributor, Year of Release. 

Examples:

Vertigo. Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, performances by James Stewart, Kim Novak, and Barbara Bel Geddes, Paramount, 1959. 

If the contribution of the director is of interest in the essay, the entry begins with that person's name. You may do this for other contributors as well. Performers can also be included.

Hitchcock, Alfred, director. Vertigo. Performances by James Stewart, Kim Novak, and Barbara Bel Geddes, Paramount, 1959.

Film Watched on Netflix, Hulu, Google Play, or Other Streaming Site

Title of Film. Directed by Director’s Name, performances by Performers’ Names, Film Studio or Distributor, Year of Release. Name of Streaming Site, URL.

Example:

Rear Window. Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, performances by James Stewart and Grace Kelly, Paramount, 1954. Netflix, www.netflix.com/watch/60000397?tctx=0%2C0%2C765ef8da-00a5-40cf-9606-4f22....

Notice:

• An entry for a film usually begins with the film title, followed by director, distributor, year of release and medium.
• In both examples, the performers could be removed. Include them if they are of interest in your essay.

Television Program

In-Text Citation

The in-text citation matches the first component of the works cited entry. The different in-text citation examples given match the different Works Cited examples given.

(“Always There”)   (Rectify)

("Jane Eyre")    (Sarson et al.)  

Works Cited

Television Episode on Netflix, Hulu, Google Play, or Other Streaming Site

"Title of Episode." Title of Program, season number, episode number, Name of Network or Production Company, Day Month Year of creation. Name of Streaming Site, URL.

Example:

"Always There." Rectify, season 1, episode 1, Sundance, 22 April 2013. Netflix, www.netflix.com/watch/70274259?trackId=14170065&tctx=0%2C0%2Ccc568f86-41...

Television Program on Netflix, Hulu, Google Play, or Other Streaming Site

Title of Program.  Name of Network or Production Company, Year(s) series created. Name of Streaming Site, URL.

Example:

Rectify. Sundance, 2013-2016. Netflix, www.netflix.com/watch/70274259?trackId=14170065&tctx=0%2C0%2Ccc568f86-41...

Television Program or Clip from Television Program found on YouTube or other source on Web

"Title of Program/Clip." Name of Network, Year Broadcast. Title of Website, uploaded by name of uploader, day month year of upload, URL or permalink.

Example:

"Jane Eyre: Money Matters & Flirting.” PBS, 2007-2008. YouTube, uploaded by BBC Worldwide, 12 Nov 2007, www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSrpvMSuhPM. 

Television Program Recorded on DVD (or VHS)

“Title of Episodes.” Program, DVD Distributor, Date of Distribution.

Example:

“Jane Eyre.” Masterpiece Theatre, adapted by Sandy Welch, performances by Ruth Wilson, Toby Stephens, and Tara Fitzgerald, WGBH, 2007.

Notice:

• For a television program recorded on DVD (or VHS), the distributor and year of release replace broadcast information.
• In the example, the adapter and actors are included, but the entry could just be title of episode, program name, DVD distributor and date of distribution.

Broadcast Television Program

"Title of Episode." Title of Program, Name of Network, Local Station Call Letters, City, Day Month Year Broadcast.

Example:

"Jane Eyre." Masterpiece Theatre, PBS, WNED, Buffalo, 30 Dec. 2007 and 6 Jan. 2008. 

Entire Television Series

Creator’s (producer’s) name. Title of Series. Name of Network or Production Company, year(s) series on.

Example:

Sarson, Christopher, Joan Wilson and Rebecca Eaton, creators. Masterpiece Theatre. PBS, 1970-2007.

Reference to Particular Individuals

"Title of Episode." Title of Program, adapted by writer’s name, performances by actors’ names, Name of Network, Local Station Call Letters, City, Day Month Year Broadcast.

Example:

"Jane Eyre." Masterpiece Theatre, adapted by Sandy Welch, performances by Ruth Wilson, Toby Stephens, and Tara Fitzgerald, PBS, WNED, Buffalo, 30 Dec. 2007 and 6 Jan 2008. 

Sound Recording

In-Text Citation

(Beethoven)

Works Cited

The person cited at the beginning of the entry depends on the emphasis you prefer. It is usually the artist’s or group’s name but it could be the producer, the lyricist, the composer or the songwriter. In this example, the composer is given. Other information can be given after the title of the recording. If you want to cite an individual song or piece of music on the recording, put the title in quotation marks before the title of the recording.

CD/Vinyl LP

Composer's (or Other's) Name, Last Name First. “Title of Song or Movement.” Title of Recording, performance(s) by Performers’ Names, Manufacturer, Year Issued. Version

Example:

Beethoven, Ludwig van.  ”Allegro.” Piano Concerto No. 5 "Emperor," performances by Rudolf Serkin and the New York Philharmonic, conducted by Leonard Bernstein, Sony, 1990. Vinyl LP.

Recording found Online

Composer's (or Other's) Name, Last Name First. “Title of Song or Movement.” Title of Recording, performance(s) by Performers’ Names, Year Issued, URL (or app used to access).

Example:

Beethoven, Ludwig van. “Allegro.” Piano Concerto No. 5 "Emperor," performances by Christian Zacharias and the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, 2016, content.thespco.org/music/compositions/piano-concerto-no-5-emperor-ludwig-van-beethoven/. 

Notice:

• Titles of recordings are italicized
• The entry ends with the manufacturer and the year the recording was issued.
• Location can be a URL or name of the app used to access material.