Undergraduate Course Listing

An introduction to the conflicts, contexts, and challenges of Canada and what it means to be Canadian. Exploring social, political, and cultural upheavals to the land itself, topics may include colonization and conquest, identity, regional conflict, representations from Riel to hockey, immigration, and art. Excludes CAST 1000Y.

What is our image of Canada and what is its reality? This course compares the often conflicting images of Canada and traces their roots to the nation's political and economic history. Topics may include a history of Canadian prosperity, democracy, the rule of law, and social and political accommodation. Excludes CAST 1000Y.

An examination of selected Quebecois and French Canadian works and excerpts to provide training in textual analysis and writing of critical essays. Introduction to Quebec and French Canadian culture. Review of French grammar that focuses on challenges specific to Canadian speakers. Prerequisite: FREN 1101H or permission of instructor. Excludes FREN 1100Y.

Cross-listed: FREN-1102H

Does the world really "need more Canada"? How do Canadians understand themselves and their country within a global context? This course critically analyzes Canada's role internationally exploring the important world events that have shaped Canadian society and their impact on the notion of Canadian citizenship and Canada as a nation. Excludes CAST 1000Y.

Examines the nature of Indigenous relationships with Canada and the impact those relationships have had upon Indigenous peoples and communities. The course engages with different understandings of self-government and sovereignty. Prerequisite: 0.5 INDG, CAST, or POST credit. Excludes INDG-POST 2000Y.

Cross-listed: INDG-2001H, POST-2001H

This course meets the Indigenous Course Requirement.

Examines the nature of Indigenous resurgence and contemporary struggles within the state. By understanding the different ways in which Indigenous peoples are reclaiming and revisioning their current relationships, students become aware of the impact Indigenous resurgence is having on Indigenous communities. Prerequisite: 0.5 INDG, CAST, or POST credit. Excludes INDG-POST 2000Y.

Cross-listed: INDG-2002H, POST-2002H

This course meets the Indigenous Course Requirement.

Provides a systematic introduction to the core institutions and processes of Canadian government such as the Canadian constitution, Parliament, the civil service, the electoral system, policy-making, political parties, interest groups, and social movements. Examines how well these institutions and processes function to promote democratic governance. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits or permission of instructor. Excludes POST-CAST 2010Y.

Cross-listed: POST-2011H

Provides a systematic introduction to Canadian democracy, examining political relationships between citizens and state, and in turn, relating these to broader patterns and politics for democratic change in Canadian society. Examines the demands for democratic change made by key groups and the politics of those demands. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits or permission of instructor. Excludes POST-CAST 2010Y.

Cross-listed: POST-2012H

An interdisciplinary enquiry into the function and idea of the land in Canadian traditions. Themes may include Aboriginal rights, settlement, sources of land law, post-colonialism, regionalism, urban/rural conflict over natural resource extraction and waste disposal, sustainability, environmental racism, energy, climate change, and representations of land and landscape in literature and the visual arts. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits. Students may take only one of CAST-ERST-GEOG-INDG 2040Y or 2041H for credit.

Cross-listed: ERST-2041H, GEOG-2041H, INDG-2041H

This course meets the Indigenous Course Requirement.

In an age of economic dysfunction, social injustice, climate change, and myriad other impasses, this course investigates modes of knowing 'the land' in Canadian society that includes understandings that balance the pragmatic, objective, rational, and technological in relation to contemplative, creative, and emotional facets of human being. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits. Excludes CAST-ERST-GEOG-INDG 2040Y.

Cross-listed: ERST-2042H, GEOG-2042H, INDG-2042H

This course meets the Indigenous Course Requirement.

A study of Ontario as a political, economic, and cultural region. Topics may include provincial political culture and state formation; writers and artists; farms, factories, and cities; education policy; First Nations; the provincial north; Ontario in the Great Depression; Ontario and Canada. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: HIST-2215H, POST-2215H

Explores transformations in Ontario politics, culture, and social and economic life from the Second World War to the present. Themes may include immigration, human rights, Toronto's growth, the Ontario north, economic restructuring from the Autopact to NAFTA, health, education and social policy, and the impact of the common sense revolution. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: HIST-2225H, POST-2225H

Explores the history of the creation of Canada in the middle decades of the nineteenth century. Beginning with the rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada in 1837 and 1838, the course traces debates about democracy and nationhood through the battles over responsible government in the 1840s, the confederation process in the 1860s, and the expansion of Canada westward up to 1885. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits or permission of the chair.

Cross-listed: HIST-2235H

Introduces students to the shift in immigration policy and experience of immigrant resettlement in the most diversified period of Canadian immigration. Canada is known worldwide as an immigrant-receiving nation; using gender, class, and race analysis we examine the contemporary context for Canada's policy of immigration and the political and economic consequences of immigration in Canada. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: GEOG-2245H, POST-2245H, WMST-2245H

Explores the 1960s, a decade of shifting meanings of "Canadian." The accent is on the ironies of Canadian identity. Topics may include fiscal policy, youth cultures, the women's movement, racial identity and the Chuvalo-Ali fight, sex scandals and politics, working-class revolt, upheavals in Quebec, and the challenge of Aboriginal rights. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: HIST-2285H, POST-2285H

Was Louis Riel a traitor who deserved to be executed? Did diplomat Herbert Norman kill himself because of American accusations that he was a Communist? Was the bombing of Air India Flight 182 "Canada's 9/11"? This course uses such episodes to explore political, social, economic, and cultural changes in Canada. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits or permission of the chair. Excludes HIST-CAST 2350Y. Students may take only one of HIST-CAST 2360Y or 2361H for credit.

Cross-listed: HIST-2360Y

A survey of the development of a culture from la Nouvelle-France to present-day Quebec and French Canada. Prerequisite: FREN 1100Y or 1102H or permission of instructor. Excludes FREN 2450Y.

Cross-listed: FREN-2452H

Focuses on creative non-fiction by Indigenous women, including autobiography, life-writing, memoir, mixedgenre essays, and family/community stories revisiting the oral tradition. Emphasizes work published in Canada; includes some "border-crossing" work published in the United States. Excludes CAST-INDG-WMST 3480Y. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits including one of CAST 1101H, INDG 1001H, or WMST 1001H.

Cross-listed: INDG-2485H, WMST-2485H

This course meets the Indigenous Course Requirement.

Canadian natural resource management is examined with attention to the context within which management occurs, and the requirement to address different interests, understandings, and issues. Prerequisite: ERSC 1010H and 1020H (or 1000Y).

Cross-listed: ERST-2520H

The context of market theory and ecological/resource economics is used to provide environmental students with experience in critical thinking. Objectives are to understand the framework of political economy, particularly Canadian, that informs contemporary political and economic practice, and to master basic elements of critical research and writing. Prerequisite: ERSC 1010H and 1020H (or 1000Y); or 1.0 PHIL credit; or POST 1001H and 1002H (or 1000Y).

Cross-listed: ERST-2525H

Explores attempts to document "real" aspects of Canadian life in order to question how we think we know about Canada. We discuss the genres of documentary film, poetry, and prose, the questions of power they raise, and the forms of creativity they generate. Prerequisite: 3.0 university credits. Excludes CAST-WMST 2000Y, ENGL 3550Y, CAST 2600Y.

Cross-listed: WMST-2601H, MDST-2601H

In cities, flows of people, money, information, and commodities intersect and are accompanied by economic, political, social, and cultural change. This course examines the transformation of contemporary North American cities by global chains of activity. Prerequisite: GEOG 1030H or SOCI 1002H (or 1000Y) or both ECON 1010H and 1020H.

Cross-listed: GEOG-2710H

An overview of the history of feminist ideas, strategies, and actions in Canada. We explore the diversity and distinctiveness of Canadian feminism at different historical moments, celebrating the strength and creativity of organized and individual forms of resistance, while also probing the complicated, difficult, and sometimes "messy" workings of feminism. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits, including 0.5 WMST, CAST, or HIST credit at the 1000 level, or permission of instructor. Excludes WMST-CAST 2110H.

Cross-listed: WMST-2711H, HIST-2711H

Explores the geography of Canada and its peoples and places. Examines the development of Canada's cultural landscapes and regions, and the social, economic, and political development of the Canadian nation-state. Canada's geography is explored as an east-west nation under increasing pressure from globalization and new national agendas. Prerequisite: GEOG 1030H.

Cross-listed: GEOG-2810H

A behind-the-scenes history of everyday life in Canada, exposing the complex histories of such common activities as drinking, barbecuing, gambling, and sex. The course emphasizes the "otherness" of previous moments in time as a way to foster an awareness of the contingency of our current historical moment. Prerequisite: 6.0 university credits. Students may take only one of HIST-CAST 3010Y or 3011H for credit.

Cross-listed: HIST-3011H

Examines the first Trudeau era and its enduring legacy vis-a-vis Canadian politics, culture, and society. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits or permission of the chair. Excludes HIST-CAST 4061H. Offered only at Trent University Durham in alternate years.

Cross-listed: HIST-3061H

The art of bringing history to a wider public. This course explores issues of memory, commemoration, heritage preservation and interpretation that face historic sites, museums, heritage societies, and archives in Canada and throughout the world. Excludes HIST-CAST 4071H. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits or permission of the chair. Not offered regularly.

Cross-listed: HIST-3071H

History in everyday life. Building upon the themes discussed in Public History I, this course explores how history is both viewed and used by the public in such everyday pursuits as tourism, film and television, the Internet, the courts, and popular writing. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits or permission of the chair. Not offered regularly.

Cross-listed: HIST-3072H

Examines the way the Canadian constitution both constrains and opens up possibilities for political change. Includes consideration of formal constitutional interpretation and the politics of the judicial process. Looks at the important issues like federal and provincial powers, secession, Senate reform, and Aboriginal self-government. Prerequisite: 2.0 POST credits at the 2000 level which include one of POST-CAST 2011H or 2012H (or 2010Y) or POST-PHIL 2150H, or permission of instructor. Excludes POST-CAST 3090Y.

Cross-listed: POST-3091H

Examines key Supreme Court decisions on the Charter of Rights and Freedoms pertaining to fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, legal rights, and equality rights. Assesses the role of the Charter in advancing the struggles of groups such as women, gays and lesbians, people with disabilities, labour, and Aboriginals. Prerequisite: 2.0 POST credits at the 2000 level which include one of POST-CAST 2011H or 2012H (or 2010Y) or POST-PHIL 2150H, or permission of instructor. Excludes POST-CAST 3090Y.

Cross-listed: POST-3092H

An interdisciplinary inquiry into how environmental policies in Canada are developed, implemented, and improved, applying political, economic, legal, scientific, Indigenous, and moral perspectives. Focus is on federal, provincial, and municipal contexts, recognizing that the environment does not respect jurisdictions. Topics include energy and materials use, biodiversity, toxic substances, waste management, and land use. Prerequisite: 1.0 ERST, CAST, POST, or ADMN credit at the 2000 level or beyond. Excludes ERST-CAST-POST 3100Y.

Cross-listed: ERST-3120H, POST-3120H

Examines feminist engagements, in theory and practice, with environmental movements, issues, and health concerns, primarily in North America but with attention to north/south interconnections. Topics may include ecological feminisms, environmental justice, gender and climate change, environmental links to breast cancer and reproductive health, green consumerism, and gendered food politics. Prerequisite: 7.0 university credits including 0.5 WMST credit at the 2000 level or beyond, or permission of instructor. Excludes WMST-CAST-ERST 3140Y.

Cross-listed: WMST-3141H, ERST-3141H

How do we understand our complex and quickly changing twenty-first century world? This course examines contemporary issues in Canada and the United States in historical perspective by utilizing flashpoint issues, individuals, and events to explain longer trends and developments within a continental, cross-border analytical framework. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits or permission of the chair. Excludes HIST-CAST 4290Y, 4957.

Cross-listed: HIST-3170H

Selected themes and topics examining the relationship between gender and spatial organization. Themes include the nature of domestic space; gendered use of public, private, and urban space; and the intersections between gender, sexuality, racism, and cultural difference. Prerequisite: GEOG-CAST 2710H or 2810H; or 1.0 WMST credit at the 2000 level or beyond; or permission of instructor.

Cross-listed: GEOG-3220H, WMST-3220H

A survey of the beginnings and evolution of Quebec theatre, concentrating on twentieth-century work and beyond. Prerequisite: FREN 2051H and either 2450Y or 2452H, or permission of instructor. Excludes FRENCAST 3230Y.

Cross-listed: FREN-3231H

Focuses on significant works of Franco-Ontarian literature and studies them in their historical, political, social-economic, and cultural context. Prerequisite: FREN 2051H and either 2450Y or 2452H.

Cross-listed: FREN-3239H

Introduces students to major themes in the Canadian Northern history, from pre-contact to the creation of the territory of Nunavut in 1999. The major themes focus on evolving cultural, political, socio-economic, and environmental histories. Prerequisite: 6.0 university credits.

Explores issues in the contemporary Canadian North with a focus on social, political, economic, and environmental issues. Students are encouraged to critically examine Canada's Northern strategies and compare these to the social and economic priorities of Arctic leaders and Indigenous peoples living in remote Northern communities. Prerequisite: 6.0 university credits.

An examination of the fundamental concepts of wilderness, including the history, planning, and management of wilderness resources with special reference to parks and protected areas in Canada and across the North. Prerequisite: GEOG 2310H or GEOG-CAST- ERST-INDG 2041H and 2042H (or 2040Y) or both ERST-CAST 2520H and 2525H or ERST 2570H.

Cross-listed: GEOG-3330H, ERST-3330H

The history of Canada's food and agricultural system is the backdrop to this interdisciplinary course on community development of the system's social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Production, distribution, processing, consumption, and regulatory issues are addressed. Community-based research projects are undertaken with local food and agricultural organizations. Field trip fee: 5. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits. Recommended: CAST-ERST-GEOG-INDG 2040Y, IDST-ANTH-GEOG-SAFS-SOCI 2500H, and SAFS-IDST-ANTH 2600H (IDST-ANTH 2210Y).

Cross-listed: SAFS-3340H, ERST-3340H

Capitalism and globalization shape our world in profound ways. Utilizing a "glocal" approach that combines global and Canadian cases within a transnational context, this course seeks to interrogate and understand the evolution and development of modern capitalism and globalization from the late nineteenth century into the early twenty-first. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits or permission of the chair. Excludes HIST 3080Y, 3081H.

Cross-listed: HIST-3390H, ADMN-3390H

An intersectional feminist analysis of social welfare issues and policies in Canada. Focusing on topics including poverty, homelessness, childcare, and employment, we examine historical roots and contemporary contexts shaping the lives of women and marginalized groups bearing the brunt of the growing income gap and neoliberal threats to equality. Prerequisite: 6.0 university credits including 1.0 WMST, CAST, or POST credit at the 2000 level or beyond, or permission of instructor. Students may take only one of WMST-CAST-POST 3431H or 4431H for credit. Excludes WMST-CAST-POST 4430Y.

Cross-listed: WMST-3431H, POST-3431H

Considers the expectations and functions of narrative, and examines the ways in which the fictions of Indigenous authors draw on, extend, and defy white European literary traditions, and incorporate narrative methods of their own traditions. Fictions by authors in both Canada and the United States will be included. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: ENGL-3481H, INDG-3481H

This course meets the Indigenous Course Requirement.

Considers the range of contemporary poetry by Indigenous authors from Canada and the United States, and the poems' relations to traditional language forms and to literary traditions and genres. It begins with a brief study of "orature" and songs, and includes a discussion of one nineteenth-century exemplar. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: ENGL-3483H, INDG-3483H

This course meets the Indigenous Course Requirement.

In a range of places from nineteenth-century travel journals to twenty-first-century blogs, we find Canadians writing out their national identity for private and public consumption. We explore life writing in a variety of forms and locations in order to discuss auto/biographical texts of prominent and everyday Canadians, considering diverse declarations of what it means to be Canadian. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits. Students may take only one of ENGL 3500Y or 3501H for credit.

Cross-listed: ENGL-3501H

An examination of Canadian literature's geographic and social spaces, this course considers Canadian regionalism from a variety of perspectives. You might examine, among many other possibilities, the literatures of Toronto (or Winnipeg or Halifax or Vancouver), the poetry of the north, or the rise and fall of prairie fiction. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits. Students may take only one of ENGL 3504Y or 3505H for credit.

Cross-listed: ENGL-3505H

A survey of Canadian women's prose fiction and life-writing from the nineteenth century to the present. Includes mainstream authors such as Moodie, Montgomery, Laurence, Munro, and Atwood; less well-known Indigenous, immigrant, and (translated) francophone writers; and recent work by young authors. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits. Excludes CAST-ENGL-WMST 2660Y. Students may take only one of CAST 3506Y or 3507H for credit.

Cross-listed: ENGL-3507H, WMST-3507H

Addresses the intersection of patriarchy, colonialism, and Western constructions of gender binaries/hierarchies and sexual norms; the diversity of Indigenous genders and sexualities; and Indigenous understandings of relationships and of resurging a holistic and inclusive sense of community and identity. Prerequisite: 9.0 university credits and one of INDG 1001H, CAST 1100H, SOCI 1001H, or WMST 1001H. Excludes INDG-WMST 3500Y.

Cross-listed: INDG-3508H, SOCI-3508H, WMST-3508H

Study of selected aspects of the Polar regions with considerable reference to northern Canada but with the deliberate intention of developing comparisons between it and other parts of the Polar regions. Prerequisite: GEOG 1030H and one of 1040H or 1050H, or permission of instructor.

Cross-listed: GEOG-3640H

Explores ethnicities with a focus on contemporary Canada. Topics include settler colonialism, immigration, multicultural policies and practices, and contemporary political conflicts involving ethnicities. The course also covers theories and concepts of "race" and ethnicity as social categories, the social basis of racism, and the critique of multiculturalism. Prerequisite: 5.0 university credits including at least 1.0 credit in SOCI, CAST, or POST at the 2000 level. Excludes SOCI 3660Y.

Cross-listed: SOCI-3661H, POST-3661H

Interrogates the political economy tradition in Canada from its roots to more contemporary approaches, examining the dynamics of Canadian economic, political, and social development. Addresses issues associated with the development of a resource-based and branch-plant economy, globalization and continental integration, and inequality, discrimination, and social justice. Prerequisite: 6.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: POST-3665H, SOCI-3665H

Examines the construction of gender in multiple ways, including (dis)ability, race, class, LGBTQ, and Indigeneity; provides a range of political perspectives to understand the agency of gender persons and groups in activism, including through art, music, and Wikipedia interventions. Prerequisite: 2.0 POST credits at the 2000 level or permission of instructor. Recommended: POST-CAST 2011H, 2012H, or POST 2230Y. Excludes POST-CAST-WMST 3670Y.

Cross-listed: POST-3671H, WMST-3671H

Studies selected girlhood bodies and narratives as they have developed within the contexts of Canadian and global literature and popular culture. Focusing on the negotiation of girlhood bodies and narratives through a variety of spaces and over diverse borders, this course considers relationships between Canadian and global girlhoods. Prerequisite: 4.0 university credits including 1.0 ENGL credit or permission of the instructor.

Cross-listed: ENGL-3709H, WMST-3709H

Examines the main planning principles which govern the economic, social, and physical development of cities and regions. Topics to be covered include national, provincial, regional, and municipal policies and their impact on urban and rural systems; historical development of planning in North America; and planning in North America; and planning as a profession. Prerequisite: GEOG-CAST 2710H.

Cross-listed: GEOG-3710H

This interdisciplinary course challenges traditional conceptualizations and representations of Canadian cities as the antithesis of wilderness. Topics include the history of urban development, urban improvements, and urban green spaces; impacts of modernist suburban development on the urban form; rejections of modernist urban planning; and the value of an ecosystem approach to planning for urban sustainability. Prerequisite: GEOG-CAST 2710H or GEOG-CAST-ERST-INDG 2041H and 2042H (or 2040Y) or both ERST-CAST 2520H and 2525H or ERST 2570H.

Cross-listed: GEOG-3720H, ERST-3720H

Studies rural-urban land conflicts occurring in the areas surrounding major cities, the problems arising from these conflicts, and the types of policy required to resolve them. A particular focus is the impact of urbanization on the countryside in Canada. Prerequisite: GEOG-CAST 2710H or SOCI 1002H (or 1000Y) or both ECON 1010H and 1020H.

Cross-listed: GEOG-3760H

Introduces students to the economic theory of renewable resources in the Canadian social, political, and regulatory context, and also to professional project planning and management. Students are introduced to project components such as scoping, scheduling, budgeting, communications, team and risk management, and environmental sustainability. Prerequisite: 1.0 ERST or CAST credit at the 2000 level or beyond.

Cross-listed: ERST-3780H

The 1980s in Canada were a time of tremendous change. Exploring the cultural, economic, political, and social transformations of the decade, this course examines issues as diverse as MuchMusic's impact, constitutional battles, free trade, the "new" West's emergence, and the Oka Crisis. Prerequisite: 6.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: HIST-3785H, POST-3785H

A survey of the beginnings and evolution of the Quebec novel from its birth in 1837 to the nineteenth century to the "terroir" novel to the first representations of the city. Prerequisite: FREN 2051H and either 2450Y or 2452H. Excludes FREN-CAST 3830Y, 4830Y.

Cross-listed: FREN-3831H

An examination of critical scholarship analyzing power relations and women's lived experiences through the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, and class. Using historical and contemporary material, the course explores identity construction; gender, race, and class relations; and the maintenance of social and economic hierarchies in Canadian and international contexts. Prerequisite: 6.0 university credits including 1.0 WMST, CAST, or SOCI credit at 2000 level or beyond, or permission of instructor.

Cross-listed: WMST-3860H, SOCI-3860H

A structured course arranged between student and instructor, approved by the chair, involving independent study of material. Regular meetings and detailed written work. See program brochure for further details and requirements.

Looks at historical and contemporary criminologies about women in trouble across early to late modernity, with specific analysis of how women are punished and the conditions of their incarceration; focusing on the Canadian criminal justice system, with comparative analysis of Australia and the UK. Prerequisite: 1.0 WMST, CAST, or SOCI credit, or permission of instructor.

Cross-listed: WMST-3966H, SOCI-3966H

Allows students to investigate the value of supporting the initiatives in the Indigenous community nationally in Canada and worldwide and to find their place in that initiative. Prerequisite: 1.0 INDG credit or permission of instructor.

Cross-listed: INDG-4050H

The formation of alliances in support of Indigenous sovereignty requires interrupting how settler consciousness in Canada sustains itself through national narratives that both render Indigenous peoples invisible and at the same time constructs "the Other." This course examines such narratives and efforts to interrupt them through deliberate educational interventions. Prerequisite: INDG-CAST 4050H or permission of instructor.

Cross-listed: INDG-4051H

Examines the Trudeau era and its enduring legacy vis-a-vis Canadian politics, culture, and society. Prerequisite: 4.0 HIST or CAST credits or permission of the chair. Excludes HIST-CAST 3061H. Offered only at Trent University Durham in alternate years.

Cross-listed: HIST-4061H

Explores the Canadian process of developing public policy. Examines the main stages of policy development and also the key institutions and actors in Canadian politics, including the public policy roles of the prime minister, Cabinet, the bureaucracy, the opposition, political parties, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the public. Prerequisite: 12.0 university credits, including 5.0 POST credits that include one of POST-PHIL 2351H, 2352H (or 2350Y) or 3330Y; or permission of instructor. Excludes POST 4080Y.

Cross-listed: POST-4081H

A study of Quebec science fiction and fantasy, both from a historical perspective, based on literary movements and tendencies, and from the perspective of genre theories, observing their constitutive traits, their similarities, and their fundamental differences. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits, including 3.0 FREN credits beyond the 1000 level, or permission of the department. Excludes FREN 4500Y (2010-2011).

Cross-listed: FREN-4229Y, CUST-4229Y

Canada's place within twentieth- and twenty-first-century globalization, along with its North-South policies and practices, are examined. Topics include Fordism and post-Fordism, global production and social reproduction, environment, inequality, dissent, development assistance, and the roles of Canadian business and civil society in international development. Prerequisite: 14.0 university credits including 1.0 IDST or CAST or POST credit at the 2000 level or permission of instructor.

Cross-listed: IDST-4240Y, POST-4240Y

An intersectional feminist analysis of social welfare issues and policies in Canada. Focusing on topics including poverty, homelessness, childcare, and employment, we examine historical roots and contemporary contexts shaping the lives of women and marginalized groups bearing the brunt of the growing income gap and neoliberal threats to equality. Prerequisite: 6.0 university credits including 1.0 WMST, CAST, or POST credit at the 2000 level or beyond, or permission of instructor. Students may take only one of WMST-CAST-POST 3431H or 4431H for credit. Excludes WMST-CAST-POST 4430Y.

Cross-listed: WMST-4431H, POST-4431H

See trentu.ca/english for details. Prerequisite: 4.0 ENGL credits (or permission of the department). Students may take only one of ENGL 4400Y or 4401H for credit.

Cross-listed: ENGL-4501H

The study of early Canadian writing, primarily nineteenth-century, in critical and cultural contexts-motivated by the aim to explain our present by looking at our past. Issues studied encompass critical geographies and migrations, Indigenous peoples and histories, transatlantic perspectives, questions of class and gender. Genres may include diaries and early journalism; travel writing; fiction and poetry. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: ENGL-4503H

Explores how difference-especially who is labelled "different"-changes according to social, political, and cultural factors and interests. We focus on disability and its intersection with other identity-based categories, including gender, race, and sexuality. Readings come from Canadian literature and film, critical theory, social policy, and the mass media. Prerequisite: 14.0 university credits. Excludes CAST-SOCI-WMST 4550Y.

Cross-listed: SOCI-4551H, WMST-4551H

Examines how and why our environment and our relationship with it have changed over time. Topics include how to do environmental history, shifts in ideas about natural resources and wilderness, the history of the Trent and Peterborough environments, the urban environment (particularly Toronto), and the history of environmental science and environmental politics. Prerequisite: 10.0 university credits.

Cross-listed: ERST-4670H, HIST-4670H

A structured course arranged between student and instructor, approved by the chair, involving independent study of material. Regular meetings and detailed written work. See program brochure for details and requirements.

Examines the history of Canada since the Second World War with an emphasis on political history. Topics include the post-World War II economic boom, the social transformations of the long 1960s, Quebec and English Canadian nationalism, Americanization, and the policies of key prime ministers including St. Laurent, Diefenbaker, Pearson, Trudeau, and Mulroney. Madatory field trip/retreat. Prerequisite: 14.0 univeristy credits. Students may take only one of CAST-HIST 4970Y or 4971H for credit.

Cross-listed: HIST-4971H