Portuguese Studies Review


ISSN 1057-1515
Semi-annual

Appearing since 1991
Formerly published by ICGP (International Conference Group on Portugal)
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The PSR is a 100 % non-partisan academic and transnational forum, an Open Intellectual Convivium -- for the study of countries, regions, communities, and institutions sharing, exploring, transforming, or developing a Portuguese, Brazilian, or other Luso-related heritage

Multi-lingual, peer reviewed, open-minded, agenda-free. Articles, review essays, reviews in English, Portuguese, French, Spanish and other languages.

 

“The important thing is to never stop questioning ” (A. Einstein)


 


















   

"The whole point of science is to question accepted dogmas" (Freeman Dyson)[*] The whole point of true scholarship is NOT and NEVER was to impose any given ideology. Or to impose 'effective [Party] communicating', as in: "Fact-checkers will be bold and think more like marketers trying to push content ... expand the use of fact-checking data [in order] to suppress misinformation", as per Bill Adair, founder of PolitiFact. Mere stultification. Before Adair ever came up with that, Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov (1856-1918) did -- "The success of the revolution is the highest law. And if the success of the revolution demands a temporary limitation on the working of this or that democratic principle, then it would be criminal to refrain from such a limitation... If in a burst of revolutionary enthusiasm the people chose a very fine parliament ... then we would make of it a Long Parliament; and if the elections turned out unsuccessfully [i.e. against The Movement] then we would have to try to disperse it [NB: of course, manu militari, using goon squads and extreme brutality]" (core Plekhanov citation in Tony Cliff, Lenin, Part 1: Building the Party (1893-1914) [London: Pluto Press, 1975], 104-105). Thus a classic 'We have to destroy Democracy in order to [fake-pretend to] save it'. Whether 'permitted' concepts as opposed to 'denialist' ones are false or even a provable outright fraud hardly matters, as per, e.g., Plekhanov.'s basically administrative 'Mission Creep' (perennial under ALL ideologies, within all eras). The core issue of all ages and all congealed dgomas is that: "Ideas, conceptualisations and history may be shut down and cancelled by the command of the ‘masters of dogma’, but the space these intellectual vessels once occupied is still ethereally there -- to rise again in challenge ..." (Alastair Crooke, The Fabric of Reality). Any (pseudo)'Science™' claiming to be 'settled' has ipso facto become mere statically steriilized replication of dogma. Favoured, e.g., by those who have lucrative positions to defend, and nothing new to say. Genuine science (not The Science™), genuine scholarship, are NEVER 'Settled™'. The Settled™ bit is just an Agitprop mirage for all the Psychological 'Engineering' industries -- Propaganda Gigs / Censorship (aka 'Scientific™ 'Reality Management') / Behaviour Alteration Rackets / Penance-and-Guilt Shell-Games. With proximate origins in 1900-1950 and forward ties to politicized 'fact-checkers'. Let us evoke here, e.g., the 1934 Technocracy Study Course (M. King Hubbard) [1903-1998), Fabianly non-innovative, basic Malthusian, and beholden to context (1920s-1940s) & the limits of 'back-when' knowledge. Thus the Malthusian / Totalitarian point 3) “Provide a continuous inventory of all production and consumption”; and also point 4) “Provide a specific registration of the type, kind, etc., of all goods and services, where produced and where used”; and the Digi-ID point 5) “Provide specific registration of the consumption of each individual, plus a record and description of the individual'. Did we point out that this goes back to 1934? Basically, Pol-Pot 1976 / Munich 1933 on steroids. 'Emergency' Powers / Commissariat (Supply) Powers / Year Zero Powers / forever ' 'War Measures Act' / social 'emergency' detention without proof or process / GuLag & Comissar mindset / fanatical Totaleinsatz / eternalized Военный коммунизм / Dosadi Experiment. And the justificatory 'scholarship' is not to be debated. With coercion through 'Perma-Crisis', "The Science™ is Settled" (NOT). One should thus tactically 'do one's own research' by way of systemic revolt. Einstein's humorous jab at Hans Israel, Erich Ruckhaber, Rudolf Weinmann et al., Hundert Autoren gegen Einstein [One Hundred Authors Against Einstein] (Leipzig, R. Voigtländer, 1931.)? “... why did 100 [have to] get together if one that refuted with evidence what I said was already enough …?” An apt jab at typical 'Consensus' / 'Cancel Culture' Agitprop overkill typical of PR 'Reality' Management. Oh, we forgot of course -- humour and satire [and memes] are a dire Danger to Democracy (NB: WARNING! This line is satire, just in case you no longer know what satire is, or once was). And Danger to Tyranny. And to Plutocracy. And to Bureaucracy. And to the Persian Empire. And to 'Trusted' Fact Checkers. And to the Inquisition. And to Block-Snitch Agents of the Regime. And .. . "What I see all over the place is people who care about LOOKING good while DOING evil" (Elon Musk). Never mind who said it. Never mind that Elon Musk apparently said it. Does not matter. Juvenal (scrip. c. 100-127 CE) might very easily have said -- and in essence wrote -- the same. As did Marcus Valerius Martialis (c. 38-104 CE). As did Gaius Valerius Catullus (c. 84 - c. 54 BCE). As did Procopius of Caesearea (c.500 – 565 CE). And others. De facto lampooning the gambit 'if real data don't comply with Party-Truth we'll just change the meaning of words and also rename things, by Royal Decree and Party Mandate -- that'll bring Reality quite in line with OUR emotional Truth.'

"Doubt is clearly a value in the sciences [NB: And in all scholarship; here we diverge from Feynman's "Whether it (i.e. doubt) is (i..e. clearly a value) in other fields is an open question and an uncertain matter"; for the PSR, there is no uncertainty regarding the perennial high value of free speech and doubt] … it is very important to doubt, and that doubt is not a fearful thing, but a thing of very great value" (Richard Feynman).

Note: in a gesture of intellectual 'back-to-the-roots' revolt, we mark notes, on this page, in a generic sense, by an asterisk, a second one by an obelus (dagger), the third one by a diesis (double dagger), the fourth one by twin-double-dagger. None of these are related to any 'religious' symbols, regardless of what any 'fact-checkers-for-hire' might pretend. The symbols date back to at least the far vanished age of Zenodotus (Ζηνόδοτος), thus c. 280 BCE. Thus, way before any of the later CE 'animosities'.As usual: "Please, educate yourselves".

"Never worry about who will be offended if you speak the truth. Worry about who will be misled and deceived if you don’t.” Plus, “Ignorantia juris non excusat" ('ignorance of the Law is no excuse') they say. Thus, quite logically, "Ignorance of History is no excuse" either. As in, "we did not know, we only did our best
[mandate, issue peremptory decrees, track, snitch, jail, sequester, send to prison camps, de-bank, 'label', ostracize, denounce, etc.] based on the imperfect information we had [while making money and smart 'career moves']." George Orwell, yet again, many years ago, expressed the deep essence of all these very ancient power games: "Real power is achieved when the ruling class [NB: or faction or ideology or 'current fad' or Greater (Public) Good Ideology or rampant bureaucracy -- it really does not matter whether it is labelled 'left', 'right', or 'centre' because the labels are just a self-declared group-ID matter of convenience, meaningless or designed to deceive / manipulate / 'alter behaviour'] controls the material essentials of life [NB: energy, food, mobility, communications, property and contract rights, means of exchange, and immaterials of banal everyday human contact {greetings, forms of address, forms of legal oath, etc. -- 'Comrade [Kamerad]' instead of civil greetings; 'Honour to Labour' instead of 'Good Day', 'Hail to the Leader' instead of anything else, etc.}], granting and withholding them from the masses as if they were privileges [NB: as if they were contingent on 'embracing' a faction - system - worldview or at least faking faint compliance, in a 'Planet Prison' {ref. e.g. Frank Herbert, The Dosadi Experiment (1977)}.

“It is not bigotry to be certain we are right; but it is bigotry to be unable to imagine how we might possibly have gone wrong.” (G. K. Chesterton) [we would propose, though, to change the "... to be certain we are right ..." to "... to suspect that we might be right ...". Yes, in a way, this is our revolt against the vastly solipsistic 'values' of Gen Z-ALPHA (and its all too frequent Lord of the Flies mind-set). We abhor intellectual and ideological shibboleths. "Derry" vs. "Londonderry"; "feesh and cheeps" vs. "fush and chups"; 'correctly voiced' "schild en vriend" [1302 CE]; 'correctly' mouthed "Bûter, brea, en griene tsiis; wa't dat net sizze kin, is gjin oprjochte Fries" [1515-1523 CE]; or Fëanor's "We speak as is right, and as King Finwë himself did before he was led astray. ... Let them sá-sí, if they can speak no better" [Tolkien, The Peoples of Middle-Earth]). Oh well ... same old, same old, as always.

“Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.” (George Orwell). Any State or politician or Magistrate -- bank or corporation or University -- arbitrating all this by lopsided 'rules', privileging 'protected' shibboleths (i.e. designated verbal / behavioural 'control-words,' ideological & in-group) has consequentially picked a side. Thus, it no longer possesses even minimal 'common authority'. "It is not Truth if you have not heard it from us" was a full-on declaration of would-be Despotism.

"Religion is a culture of faith (belief); Science is a culture of doubt" [†] (i.e. real Science should NEVER be a censorious culture of supine, paid-for, and 'mandated' Consensus) (Richard Feynman) (Thus, whatever ideology tells one to think for oneself, to always do 'one's own research', to steadily improve one's skills and one's critical faculties, to exercise individual Rational and expertise-based doubt, and to verify and verify and verify and then re-verify again, is in fact and always has been Scientific.Ipso facto, ideologies that (a) demand that one unquestioningly believe a top-down / official / corporate / PR -agency Narrative(‡‡) and that (b) pin their entire view of all data and of all Reality on 'alignment' by 'believers'', and treat all valid contrary evidence as 'infection', a virus to be 'pre-bunked' and eradicated, are a Thought-Control Cult. Even worse if they claim that distorting raw data is 'transparency', and that genuine raw data may 'endanger' Public Safety, Public 'Health', 'safe and healthy' conversation. Or inflict dire 'harms' [as defined by whom & for what exact agitprop 'I am just having fun' goals?]. That data may 'endanger' -- as per hired expert 'endangerment' findings -- The Wellbeing, The Common-weal, Commonwealth, The New State (Estado Novo), The Kraft durch Freude, The Thousand-Years Realm, The Tomorrows that Sing, Na věčné časy, The Comité de sûreté générale,The Newest Big Grand Co(co)terie in Official Power, The Shining Celestial Matrix ....

(‡‡)
The PSR has never been any fan of the pre-modern Doctrine of Papal Infallibility (i.e. 'Popes NEVER make ANY mistakes'). "Structural sin"? Oh please, this tune has been played so many times in the past that it is laughable. Perhaps Pontiffs should read more Aristotle. Such a pity that the 2nd Book of Poetics [Περὶ ποιητικῆς], dealing with Comedy, has been lost and may survive only as, e.g., the Tractatus coislinianus. And they should learn how to laugh! Hired cubicularii Papae / PR Firms write the Exhortations, anyway, not the Pontifex in persona. Goes back to 1309, 1378, 1409, 1414-1418. Historical outcomes were -- speaking mildly -- a bit unpredictable. Those who grandly ignore History are condemned to repeat History. 1527 anyone? ~ We are thus not about to kiss digital AI-imaged EU DSA ground, worship a Doctrine of Total Bureaucrat Infallibility. "... and so it went on. It was like a single equation with two unknowns. It might very well be that literally every word in the history books, even the things that one accepted without question, was pure fantasy ... Everything faded into mist. The past was erased (i.e. 'cancelled' / debanked / deplatformed / censored), the erasure was forgotten, the lie became truth" (George Orwell, 1984, Book 1, Chapter 7). NB: On the closely related topics of 'fact-checking' and ChatGPT-like 'writers', the PSR is Rationally evaluative -- odi et amo (Catullus 85). AI both (a) poses threats to credible academic publishing, and at the very same time (b) Governments and Establishments are really afraid of the empowering effect of cheap and quick AI (Policy Horizons Canada, The Future of Generative AI [September 2023]). Key danger, in the PH view? “... democratization [how very subversively horrible] of high-quality content production” which may “undermine social cohesion [or legacy media profits?]”. I.e. the (pseudo)elite -- which in fact is neither top-qualified nor consistently capable (never has been) -- might lose its Official 'Cultural' Narrative comparative advantage (such as it is). Catastrophically. The PSR is not elite- or nomenklatura- beholden. In terms of funding, 'support', whatever one might call that, we receive exactly $ 0.00 per annum. We would not take a single cent more, rejecting even that $ 0.01 indignantly. Not being beholden is a guarantee of our total independence -- our right to say exactly what we want. And, yes, we are fully aware that any of us would make $ 185,000.00 per annum just serving on the 'Poop Patrol' and scooping feces from San Francisco streets. But then, the guy in charge of the 'Patrol' was arrested for felony fraud and is doing 7 years in jail. The PSR thus would not shed a single fake tear for any TPTB (The Powers That Be). The Fall of the Berlin Wall comes to mind -- where is now, for instance, the all-powerful Genosse (Comrade) Erich Honecker (1912-1994) -- and the 'activist' StaSi compliance enforcers of Total "Party Centralism"? Already the medieval French gutter bard François Villon (c. 1431-after 1463) asked the biting question: "Où sont les neiges d’antan?" So, just a duly satirical clip here to offer a footnote comment ~ Sic transit Gloria Mundi, as a Mozart-style rondo of satirical laughter , — А иде ж гуси?
— В камыши ушли.
— А иде ж камыши?
— Девки выжали.
— А иде ж девки си?
— Девки замуж ушли.
— А иде ж казаки?
— На войну пошли
(Very traditional East European Колода-дуда [Bagpipe Koleda], the truly culturally 'authentic' original source for "Where Are All the Flowers Gone", for ref. allusion see Mikhail Sholokhov, And Quiet Flows the Don, 1925-1940. Let's just go the MD version , for nostalgic but keenly aware fun.

(‡‡). In this context, it is rather concenring that high-level programs are now afoot that seek to recruit 'digital armies' of juvenile "fact-checkers" (15-years and younger) who would replace all "false information" online with "real facts". This suggests that the proponents seek to subvert the core notion of "fact" ( "something that has actual existence"). I.e. no sort of Reality exists, except that which is ideologically useful. The manipulable 15-year-olds and younger, typically prone to age-cohort mass psychoses, are now instantly politically deified. E.g. in the style oif the incompetent, ignorant, privileged, coddled, solipsistic, and stage-manipulated Roman 'Emperor' Elagabalus, 204 CE-222 CE, regnavit merely 218-222 CE). From a family owning the hereditary and locally / fiscally very lucrative priesthood of Emessa's El {God} of the {local} Mountain {Hill} [إِلٰهُ الْجَبَلِ]. A very standard local-urban morph of the ubiqiutous utterly standard settlement-hillock (tell) deities {Ba'al -- The Lord}, 'residing' in a natural feature, tree, or perhaps a meteorite or other symbolic 'stone / rock from the sky'. 100% commonplace straight across the Copper Age and Bronze Age ancient Middle East. Similarly juvenile Elagabalus-morphs are now 'raised' to Planet-wide 'arbiters of Eternal Truth'. A 'Childrens' Crusade' (which ended in tragically comical disaster].

"Don’t pay attention to ‘authorities,’ think for yourself" (Richard Feynman) If one is NOT allowed to question something, or disagree with it, or is forced to undergo "mandatory re-education" to "hamonize" or "fully align" with "normalized mandates", one is being brutalized by Authoritarians masquerading as Experts or officially sanctified / funded 'Trusted Voices' / 'Trusted Sources'. Trust cannot be legislated or agitprop- / government--funded -- it has to be EARNED, the hard and very long way.

"The seeker after truth [i.e. politically reviled 'Truthers'] does not put his faith in any consensus, however venerable or widespread. Instead he questions what he has learned of it, applying to it his hard-won scientific knowledge, and he inspects and inquires and investigates and checks and checks and checks again. The road to the truth is long and hard, but that is the road we must follow” (Abū 'Alī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham, c. 965 – c. 1040 CE) (Islamic author of the seven-part Kitāb al-Manāẓir [Latin version, 1572, 'Opticae thesaurus': Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primum editi & eiusdem liber 'De crepusculis et nubium ascensionibus'], a sober pioneering empiricist, experimental-method, confirmable-test treatise on biological and instrumental optics. Like other such pioneers, Abū 'Alī al-Ḥasan teaches us that the task of research is not to 'validate' or 'embrace' or 'align with' or be in 'allyship with' or '
affirm' Narratives or 'trusted sources' or 'Fact Checkers' or anything at all. The task is to find out, keenly, like with a precise surgical tool, what is wrong with all of the Narratives).



A revista PSR deseja, a todos, saúde, veracidade, e PAZ nos anos de 2024-2025 -- preferíamos que seja assim. Dentro dos limites da razão, nas coisas humanas. Ninguém possui o saber absoluto, nem o Estado, nem o Partido, nem a Colectividade Social (uma cadeira vazia na cerimónia de entrega dos prémios filosóficos). Tudo pode e deve ser questionado. Never throw away individual scholarly integrity just for the sake of 'correctly' filling mandatory ideological compliance forms. Integrity is worth far more than any 'Loyalty and Approved Speech Rating' that one gets from a State or a Party or a System, or the Inquisition or a Missionaria Protectiva. Note: Missionaria Protectiva, in Frank Herbert's long-way-back classic sci-fi Dune novels, was a propaganda arm of the Bene Gesserit Sisterhood responsible for disseminating Controlled Thought across 'primitive' Planets for the future tactical benefit of the Bene Gesserit Order.

The PSR / Baywolf Press ensure full-range academic publishing services • handling of manuscripts (articles, books, raw research data), with peer review • full-service development of periodicals and books • we operate in English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French, and offer a venue for Lusophone-related material in other languages ~ no linguistic or 'ideological' cordon sanitaire (thus, German, Italian, the entire unexpurgated Scandinavian / Slavic zone, Finno-Ugric zone, and more, are 100% fine with us) • la revue PSR et Éditions Baywolf offrent une palette de services en langue française: examen par des pairs & appui rédactionnel pour monographies, anthologies d'essais, et recueils d'études savantes • in all publishing matters, contact us on-line.

 
From our Author FAQ area:

 
 
Q: What is the simplest way to submit an article / proposal to the PSR?


Just e-mail it to the PSR as attachment(s). > Editorial Contact: click here <. When sending material, make sure you have Javascript enabled, in your browser (depends on YOUR level of security comfort and zone-settings that YOU implemented in YOUR browser). Click 'Send Mail to PSR' (between the two 'postal envelope' icons). If the file is very large (this will rarely be so), ZIP & attach ZIP file. If you must send large image files (copyright-cleared illustrations), post them on a free or contract Cloud server (easily available worldwide, MANY options, with introductory accounts almost always for free). E-mail us the file share link so we could pull the material. You can even password the link and / or the ZIP files. Just send us passwords through separate e-mail / channel. Please be aware that we screen very strictly, for security and content reasons, all received or linked material. If you feel you need to send over a Cloud channel that WE control (for purpose of record-keeping), tell us by e-mail without any details. We shall mail you back so that you could 'respond' over same channel. For brief submission requirements (check-list), click here.

 


Notifications: (1) The PSR / Baywolf Press apply intense Human (100% biological Human, 100% non-AI) referee and editorial scrutiny for all submitted materials •  (2) We advise authors / entities to seek alternatives to Gmail • we cannot guarantee that our replies to any Gmail account will in fact be delivered (the issue is Google-side, not at our end -- it also is not specific to PSR, but has allegedly affected various institutions [e.g. in the delivery of faculty/student e-mails]) • the PSR will not seek to resolve, technically, any issues potentially arising from intra-corporate / inter-corporate turf wars or ideological trends -- like very many around Planet Earth; 'we are done with Google' and with current 'damage-control' PR about "fixing it at scale" -- please find tested, stable and reliable e-mail alternatives that you might feel comfortable with: e.g. free (basic), modular, encrypted Swiss Protonmail, and then re-contact us • (3) We further (a) discourage, unless functionally warranted by a research program's actual on-site and task-splitting needs, papers in the increasingly current fashion that feature one prominent 'lead' author and up to 17 or even more 'co-authors' whose practical contributions may be unclear; (b) we recommend modulation of presentations that dodge broad scholarly debate and implicitly elevate theories to universally accepted absolute truths; (c) the PSR will preventatively turn down a manuscript, breaking off peer review, if we detect that a manuscript has been 'co-authored' by a 'Generative AI' -- in such "LLM-hallucination" cases, our position equals our refusal to consider as 'valid' any legislation, lawsuit, or judicial ruling where 'co-authoring' by an LLM chatbot is involved [*]

[*] The problem is that a person presenting Generative AI material and claiming to have submitted an article, written a book, drafted a piece of legislation, presented a court motion, or produced an analysis, did none of those things. That person submitted nothing, wrote nothing, drafted nothing, produced nothing. A lifeless algorithm did all the work. Just like when a human 'ghost-writer' does ALL THE WORK. Plus, as Dr. Adrian Liston (Editor-in-Chief of Immunology & Cell Biology) aptly put it, quite recently, "Generative AI is very good at making things that sound like they come from a human being. It doesn’t check whether those things are correct ... It is like an actor playing a doctor on a TV show – they look like a doctor, they sound like a doctor, they even use words that a doctor would use. But you wouldn’t want to get medical advice from the actor."

   


Forthcoming PSR / Baywolf Press Edited Volumes, Vol. 6 (in print shortly)

Bruno Martins de Castro, Sirleia Maria Arantes & Vanda Lúcia Praxedes, eds., Escravidão e liberdades na América Portuguesa e no Império do Brasil (Peterborough/Toronto: Baywolf Press, 2024). ISBN 978-0-921437-62-8.
Shipping expected late March 2024. All corrections to first typographical proofs received from Editorial Team. Processing almost completed. Printing date booked. In print shortly.

   

 

   


Current Calls for Papers, 2024


The Lusophone Studies Association (LSA) Call for Papers, for the Fall and Winter 2024 LSA Conference. The conference will be in an on-line format, as a running series of individual-submission round-tables and / or organizer-proposed-and-managed session / discussion panel events. The deadline for preliminary paper or panel proposals / suggestions was 15 November 2023. To seek deadline extensions, in individual instances, please contact the PSR or the LSA. The LSA seeks individual and organizer proposals for innovative themes, advanced archival and traditional / new / mixed media research (including digital imagery, modelling, sensor data, sound, live performance, etc.), cutting-edge and thought-provoking material, etc. The event themes are open (organizer-initiated and managed -- the more genuinely varied the better), subject to Scientific Committee final approval. The Scientific Committee structure has been finalized. We seek to expand analytical and methodological envelopes, approaches, and techniques, as well as to ensure ample presentation groundwork for various neglected and / or emergent / contrarian datasets and contexts.


The PSR / Baywolf Press
Our Standing General Call for Papers, 2024-2025 continues. We may also announce further specific Calls for Papers later this year (2024). These calls will be shaped by our heavily-in-demand publishing stream. Innovative proposals shall receive distinct editorial priority and support ('innovative' as to, e.g.: method, data, analytical technique, findings and cross-application, multi-level interpretation -- conventional as well as visualization-rooted [maps, exploratory visuals, striking or first-ever expressions of complex datasets], spatio-temporal approaches, challenging intersections of rival scholarly & ideological trends, unpublished / neglected documents, transcriptions of unknown or barely publicized archival / museum / private collection / heritage fund / hitherto restricted or classified sources).

   


Our Core Editorial Policy


The PSR will simply not 'exclude', on any side. It is fully Human informed & inquiring thought, as a free matrix of checks and balances, that critically matters for Earth's future. Along ancient lay-lines of calm probity as for instance in הַשְׂכָּלָה, if you want -- even though the PSR is not bound to any tradition: we are cross-rooted into all. All scholars must have the eminently useful Common and Sovereign Citizen Right to speak freely, honestly -- and they also must expect to be contradicted EQUALLY freely and honestly.[†] We defend, on behalf of ALL ('Left' and 'Right') , (a) the core right to ask questions freely , (b) the right to 'doubt' -- and crucially (c) the essential right to 'do one's own research'. This does not mean that we disregard crucial and objective standards of consistent scholarly quality.(‡) It simply means that we oppose politicized and ideologically driven 'cancelling' / 'de-platforming' of research, data, and individuals. We oppose any 'total' across-the-spectrum visual, textual, conceptual and symbolic meta-saturation of Everything by any single Ideology, instilled under the 'usual' political pretexts -- an authoritarian impulse to 'visibility-filter', censor and ultimately outright silence all speech deemed “dangerous” under one set or another of elastic and ever-changing political 'rules', an impulse aquaplaning wildly under the omnibus false flag of 'tolerance, civility and a concern for safety' [Salut Public] (George Carlin tagged this, aptly, as “[de facto] Fascism [or any other Absolutism / Totalitarian System / Dictatorship] pretending to be manners”):


[†] Contradicted, courteously and expertly -- not punitively 'de-banked', 'deplatformed', 'de-contracted', censored, 'handled' through covert 'switchboarding' of data / research / analysis, schematically 'labelled', 'milk-shaked', ritually forced to 'embrace' verbal dogma, criminalized, 'suspended' from professional existence (for two years, ten years, 'Eternity'), 'charged' on bogus pretences, and show-trialed. Indicted for 'felony' and fraudulently 'sentenced'. Told to 'remain silent', in a dictatorial KGB / NKVD voice -- "We are not here to hear what you have to say -- just answer the [scripted] questions that establish your guilt, Comrade! Now! Obey! Submit! Down! Grovel! Sit down!". One must of course understand that we are not talking about /sarc on/ 'anything anyone has actually done, intended to do, intends to do, or will do' /sarc off /. We are just /sarc on/ 'exploring scenarios' and 'talking theoretically' / sarc off /.

() The number of published scholarly papers known to have been officially retracted by authors or major journals, because the works ultimately proved to be sub-par / utterly 'compromised', was c. 40 in the year 2000. In 2022, the annual total was at least 5,500 -- a 13,650% increase. Add to this spectacular scandals, coming to dramatic resolution in 2019-summer of 2023, for instance at the highest levels of Stanford University and other prominent establishments. Chronologically these tracked back to the late 1970s-1990s and early 2000s, with discipline-wide ripples in terms of impaired chain-of-citations. This in turn imperilled entire segments of scholarship. Our fiduciary duty as publishers is to stand on guard. Against 'paper mills', 'ideological coercion', 'authorship-brokering' -- with 'team authorships' advertised more or less for overt sale. Against error-riddled 'automatic writing' by chatbots and against politically-driven "re-imagining" of data, and records. On guard, also, against well-acknowledged 'replication crises' -- the fact that many research papers cannot be corroboratively replicated. Some of this "dizzying house of Narrative mirrors" is about as 'Real' as the concrete-3D-printed fake-bronze equestrian statue of Angela Merkel (Chancellor of Germany to 2021). It collapsed under its own slight weight and under simple weather effects in mid-September 2023. For better or for worse -- we do not judge. By contrast, the notorious bronze equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius (121 CE - 180 CE) still exists today (even though the Later Roman Empire was as hollowed-out by utter Party-Line and pseudo-elite corruption as most societies are today). What can one say? "... das andere Mal als Farce"? (Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon [New York: Weydemeyer, 1851-1852]). This metaphor speaks, further, to the fact that it is unwise to turn into 'cancelled' pariahs all those who rationally oppose some Grand Cult, Grand 'Science' That May Not Be Debated, an Even Grander Ideology, etc.. Like ENRON or FTX, those Grand Things tend to collapse, miserably and abruptly.

 
   


Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrams, Book V, Epigram XX, "To Julius Martialis", "... pereunt ... et imputantur".


The Clock

 

   


1755/2023: Portugal and Morocco Earthquakes -- a Deep Commemoration

The 2023 Marrakesh-Safi earthquake (8 September 2023 at 23:11 DST (22:11 UTC), with an event epicentre near Ighil in foothills of the Atlas Mountain Range (sector Ait Abdellah, Ait Bouleguerade, Tala Kacem, Tagoumate, Tamazouzte, Dar El Mokhtar, etc.) poignantly reminds everyone both of the Lisbon Earthquake in the morning of Saturday, 1 November, Feast of All Saints, c. 09:40 local time, and of the near perfectly parallel 1755 Meknes Earthquake (historically estimated Moment Magnitude Scale of 6.5 - 7.0), initially rated as an aftershock of the iconic and culturally transformative Lisbon Earthquake and tsunami. The Meknes Earthquake was partly misdated to 18 November 1755, and was commonly highlighted in regional Arabic sources at the date-mark of 27 November 1755. The Meknes Earthquake had a serious impact on the cities of Fez and Meknes, and, at the lowest range of considerably imperfect pre-statistic estimates, killed 15,000+ people. For instance, of the deemed 16,000 Jews in Meknes, only 8,000 seem to have survived. Property damage across denominations and across all political / social categories was massive (Death as the Great Equalizer). The direct impacts and longer-run consequences remain poorly documented in historical and urban studies. In Fez alone, more than 3,000 people are estimated to have died, with many more wounded..

   


Recent LSA Conferences

The Lusophone Studies Association (LSA)
International Conference "Women, Gender and Intersectionality in the Lusophone World' took place 29 June to 2 July 2022, at Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal. The public part of the Conference site is archived and remains web-accessible as data-of-record relevant to professional profiles and development (i.e. scholarly meetings, records of academic activity and participation). 


The Lusophone Studies Association (LSA) International Conference "The Lusophone World and its Diasporas" took place June 28 to July 1, 2023 at York University, Toronto, Canada. For a compact vignette of the Conference on YouTube™, by CMC TV (Correio da Manhã TV Canadá), see here . The public part of the Conference site is archived and remains web-accessible as data-of-record relevant to professional profiles and development (see here ). LSA Members have access to added features (video record of sessions):

   


Endowed Prizes for LSA Conference Papers

The Lusophone Studies Association (LSA) is pleased to draw your attention to our two committee-adjudicated prizes for 'best paper', associated with the LSA Conferences: a Graduate Student Prize and a Post-Doctoral Prize, each in the significant amount of $ 1,000.00 CDN. For details, please consult the following link (blue target):

   

Featured Lectures, Conference Info & Events ~ Fall 2023 - Spring 2024

Caminhos da Historiografia: História e Ciências Sociais dos anos 40 à atualidade • entre outubro de 2023 e abril de 2024 • Estão previstos sete seminários, com frequência mensal e de acesso livre. As comunicações selecionadas serão posteriormente reunidas num livro. Esta iniciativa tem como objetivo desenvolver e aprofundar conhecimento sobre as orientações e práticas adotadas pela História e por outras Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Portugal desde os anos 40 do século XX, nomeadamente mobilizando jovens investigadores • Coordenação: Irene Vaquinhas (CHSC-UC) e Paulo Fonte (CEHR-UCP)• Data limite de submissão de propostas: 31 de julho de 2023 • Link: https://www.50anos25abril.pt/noticias/call-for-papers-caminhos-da-historiografia

Literatura em Lingua Portuguesa • 15 February 2024 • Paulo da Costa  • "Pertencer a Dois Mundos (de Céus Azuis)"  • York University, Toronto, Ontario, Vary (Vari) Hall

 
 

   

Reminder: The LSA website formerly hosted at York University was relocated to the LSA / PSR platform way back, in the summer of 2022. The old site (lsa.apps01.yorku.ca) is no longer maintained. Your new 'member' passwords will not work on the old site. The two are not technically connected, for online safety reasons.

   

 

FEATURED COURSES: Master in Insular and Atlantic History (15th-20th centuries)
COURSE CODE
6168
Universidade dos Açores

 
 

   

The PSR and Baywolf Press Support a 4 D's Framework -- Doubt, Dissent, Debate against Dogma

What does this mean? Firstly. we align, at this point, with those principles and underpinnings that are the MOST protective of genuine plural freedom of speech and have been endorsed by the Institute for Citizens & Scholars and by the Presidents of various Colleges and Universities across the United States. Some of the supporting universities include Duke, Cornell, Notre Dame, Rutgers, the University of Pittsburgh, the entire University System of Georgia (as per updates introduced by the Board of Regents and by Chancellor Sonny Perdue), the Arizona Board of Regents, the University of Houston System, Texas A&M University, the University of Texas Systems, etc. So, yes, the PSR holds and always will hold that: (a) free speech is a cardinal virtue of higher education; (b) colleges should aspire to a diversity of opinion; (c) the need for intellectual diversity is absolutely paramount and not negotiable. Viable future-oriented scholarship will not really proceed -- CANNOT EVEN EXIST -- in a 'Struggle Session' atmosphere of ever-escalating 'ideological purity checks' & 'politicized litmus tests' & programmatic 'oaths / affirmations of conformity'. Good research ≠ 'Consensus' or 'Party Line'. It ≠ 'Democratic Centralism'™. Ideological Vanguardism tends to become -- and has done so for millennia of recorded history -- a politically corrupt process. It eventually subverts the scientific method.Thus, it promotes societal entropy and cascading system-failures. It also is a self-destructive and artificially fostered Nonsense Point. A wise Human Being will prudently consider and examine contrary ideas -- they may prove useful. Zealotic long-in-the-tooth billionaires [many of them by now just archetypal лишние люди -- 'pointless people']) will, however, loudly argue the contrary. To filter thought according to ideological 'alignment' and 'mandate', i.e. to suppress ('cancel', censor) reseach regardless of actual quality, is (a) Humanity-hostile, (b) fraudulent.

To idolize and impose a mechanical politicized 'discourse' -- "... [always] incorporating [correct-Speak] into any storyline or genre" is an abysmally failed but unfortunately always revived societal Playbook. All such adherence to 'correct Thought', 'correct Speak', 'correct Identity', 'correct Messaging', 'correct Origin' [it used to be correct "Proletarian Origin" in the old "People's Democracies" of the East, but that has now faded in favour of "post-Worker Parties" and "post-Worker Origin"] is just sloganistic партийность. Deployed in a 'go-to-guide' / Talking Points Leaflet style. In ample awareness that "hypocrisy is the price of admission in this battle”. Meaning that 'facts' no longer signify anything, but are just 'Messaging' and a 'Generative Lens' set in place to 'defeat resistance to the uptake [of Ideology]'. Instead of 'Generative Lens' one might just as well say Generative AI (e.g. Midjourney) and gleefully 'generate' 'reseach articles' such as the now retracted and world-famous “Cellular functions of spermatogonial stem cells in relation to JAK/STAT signaling pathway”, at Frontiers in Cell and Development Biology. Complete with full-color 'Sciencey' visuals, nonsense 'scientific' pseudo-terms (e.g. “Iollotte sserotgomar,” “testtomcels,” “dissliced”, and “sterrn cells” -- really!). Schematics and 'terms' "not rooted in any known biology" [as per the staff Retraction Notice]. Those 'Persuasion Frameworks' (PFs) to 'develop' the "trust [of] the already trusting and persuade those with more malleable opinions"? I.e. 'targeting those deemed 'easily manipulable'? Such as children, youths, plus adults demoted by a self-mesmerized Ideology Vanguard to mere 'naughty child' status? Already the Jesuits, plus many others way before them, did THAT. Most fundamental scholarly advances in the past were accomplished by dissidents disagreeing with dominant Truth and in opposition to those holding the entrenched "commanding heights of education".

Secondly, it is a treacherous mantra to claim, for purposes of propaganda, that “emotional truth [aka abnegation of evidence-based thought] is as important as the literal truth”. Important for whom? Cui bono? To whose profit? No grand talk about 'misinformation, mistruth (arguably the most ridiculous term ever contrived ), disinformation, malinformation, denialism' will justify the fact that it is societally destuctive to 'cancel' valid voices whose only 'fault' is that they do not propagandize, in a breathless show of prescribed loyalty, an 'approved and curated Narrative'. Ideas, data, never become 'valid' by being 'decreed', 'mandated' or 'endorsed' by corporations, bureaucrats, Ministers of State, milli - billi- trilli- onaires, or 'Advertising'/PR. Whether or not ideas / research 'align with the purposes and objectives of a Bank' is utterly irrelevant to scholarly validity or value. The issue also is NOT whether data / thoughts are 'hurtful' or 'disturbing' or 'deemed incorrect'. One may 'deem' 'whatever' one wants -- Deeming and Proof have always been two very different things. When scholars self-censor -- so as to get published, and also out of existential fear of ideological 'employment cancellation', we are at a systemic Full Break Point. Especially if the self-ceonsored (or even worse, 'authority'-censored) data and analyses are in fact fundamentally valid, critically important, and candid. A Break Point " ... at which discussion can no longer continue because people cannot agree"... .
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Rational freedom of speech, thought, and core (i.e. indispensable) Human research unfortunately is under vast regulatory, institutional, legislative, and 'media'-owner attack. The defence of free speech is thus NOT an obsession or a Police-analyzable 'fixation', and it is NOT 'toxic'. 'Free speech' is functionally useful, and essential for any kind of even minimally forward-looking society. "If all think the same, no one is actually thinking at all". Reality as such turns vacuous. Shelves in school libraries suddenly look quite empty -- because everything printed before a Mandatory 'Year Zero' Reset Date (e.g. 2008 and earlier) had to be removed for being 'incorrect', "irrelevant", "inaccurate", "harmful", "not suitable", "of no discernible literary or scientific merit; poorly written or presented", "information ... factually inaccurate or obsolete" (all of which is decided solely by year of publication and a political agent 'opinion' -- "just following orders" [
"ein Befehl ist ein Befehl"]). And the fate of those books that were "miswritten"? Stunning neologism, by the way, this "miswritten" thing. Given how much labour and commitment it actually takes to write a well researched book, one wonders how a book could be "miswritten". The system apparatchiks who make a solemn determination of "miswritten" have typically never 'written' even one book (unless they hired an underpaid ghost-writer). But, of course, the "miswritten" "mistruth" must of course be destroyed, 'cancelled', 'responsibly' too -- "... under ... [approved] environmental recycling guidelines". It is, you know, a MUSTIE (acronym for the master-guide Peel District School Board (Canada) book-sifting protocol -- Misleading – Unpleasant – Superseded – Trivial ("of no discernible literary or scientific merit; poorly written or presented") -- Irrelevant – Elsewhere). A template quite in line with an apocryphal quip from The Good Soldier Schweik (Švejk): "Ein Befehl is ein Befehl, das ist kein Knödel, das muß man gehorchen!" ('An order is an order. That's not just a dumpling. One must [MUSTIE] obey that!').The hypocrisy is massive. "Misinformation", "disinformation", or "malinformation", or "mistruth"? All these neologisms (and ever more, more! More! MORE! 450 voltage! EXPERTS and 'TRUSTED SOURCES' say the hesitancy subject needs more! 600 voltage! MORE! MORE IDEOLOGY! MORE SLOGANS! 1200 voltage! MORE IS ALWAYS BETTER!) are a rather hysterically sinister "Milgram Experiment". And if one does not 'obey'? "Ihre Papiere, bitte"? "Ausweis, bitte’? "Digi-ID sofort und richtig präsentieren"? How about, satirically: "Die Aufforderung 'Ausweis, bitte' ignorieren, und noch einmal die Taste ENTER drücken". The Good Soldier Schweig = Schweik = Švejk would presumably agree ['Silent Soldier' if one knows solid street-level vernacular German and Yiddish and thus all the grungy/grokking finesse of former classic European satire]. Of course, the parody is double-edged, like all useful parody: "Wer schweigt, stimmt zu!" / "Quem cala, consente".


 
 


One can explore the iconic figure of Švejk, generally unfamiliar to many English readers and anyway part of 'all that "harmful" literature before 2008' (MUSTIE), in the anti-war work of Jaroslav Hašek, Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války [The Adventures of the Good Soldier Schweik in the Great War [1st World War], 4 vols. (1921-1923); subsequent vols. 5 and 6 by Karel Vaněk; vastly Bowdlerized (i.e. "non-threatening" ') English translation by Paul Selver (1930) [the worst existing 'translation'], then Cecil Parrott (1973) [poor, but fairly 'unabridged'], then Zdeněk Sadloň and Emmett Joyce [moderately acceptable]; further also used as a scathing knock-on platform for apt critique of East European Communism and Systemic Marxism [Josef Jaroslav Marek, Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka po druhé světové válce (The Fortunes of Good Soldier Schweik after the Second World War)].
The German translation was a favourite book of Bertolt Brecht. One of the books burned [environmentally 'cancelled'] by none other than the National Socialists in 1933. Yes, one of those bunches of words bound between two covers that can"give people ideas" and thus presumably must be banned as 'seditious'. Nothing has changed in hundreds of years, in this respect. Shadows. Of Radicals. Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498) (Florence, Italy) as a controversial even if revered 'social-street-gang' enforcer of extreme expiatory 'Justice and Purity'-- and then a would-be urban Tyrant in his own right. Shadows. Of Rationalists. Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) being burned alive by the Supreme Inquisition while hanging upside-down ('cancelled' for the sake of Dogma Consensus) [Photo: Monument to Giordano Bruno, 'Potsdamer Platz Station' in Berlin]. Are you quite SURE "this is who WE are"? In the name of 'Love' / 'Inclusion'? "We love your soul but to save the soul we must burn your body"? Other-thinkers must be "formally deprogrammed"? Please, quit that drama and the 'signalling' red robes and dresses! Remember that 6 July 1415 (burning ['cancellation'] of John Hus at the stake, alive -- Jan Hus (1370-1415), critic of a 'fiscally advanced' Indulgences system: a 'structural sin offset' Ponzi engine of fear-driven fundraising), sparked a sudden social and combat revolution. 'The Germanic Empire' and the Papacy lost quite a bit, to 'deplorable peasants' not keen on 'expiating' through endless purchases of sin-tax "salvation vouchers" (Purgatory 'Social Credits').

 
 


Shadows of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) gazing at the stars. How "Dare You" speak, of course, against any PR-powered 'juvenile Prophets' or any Deified 97% Consensus! That would imperil "confidence in The Political Class". Shadows of ALL dissident and keenly thinking Rationalists. Yes, we know -- the mechanical answer is of course banging the benches in loud Consensus, and shouting "Prop, Prop, Prop, Prop"! Sure. On the WRONG side of any conceivable balanced scholarship. Well, so, for the sake of just an easy random selection: "Why do you laugh, Comrades? What, who, do you laugh at?" (Jozef Yuzovskiy [Burstein] [1902-1964],
On Theatre and Drama, vol. 2, "Who do you Laugh At?" [Izvestia, 12/01/1940]). Or Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol [1809-1852], "What are you laughng at? You are laughing at yourselves ... That's just like YOU! [i.e. 'This is who you are']" (The Inspector, 1836).


Our avowed skepticism [no, that is not a 'dirty' word] is somewhat along the lines of Shakai chōsa no uso: Risāchi riterashī no susume [「社会調查」のウソ: リサーチ・リテラシーのすすめ] (The Lies of Social Research), by Professor Ichirō Tanioka [谷岡一郎] (Tōkyō : Bungei Shunjū, 2000) -- overt statistics as often quite deceptive and simply serving the interests of entrenched bureaucracy and well-paid revolving-door politicians. We thus espouse a New Humanism, a new Scholarly Rationality, and Pro-Humanity (Pro-People) practice. Therefore we oppose Censorship.
Censorship has always been a sign of systemic collapse and Political Class panic. A brutal solution of 'last resort' -- because way too many things have become a manifest and perfectly documentable lie. Just like when one is actually losing a real and hot war while shouting that "Total Victory is Imminent". Censorship and Enforcement thus become the last trenches of System Defence. Mandatorily limiting thought to one authorized worldview is of course a perilous societal course of action. It is fraught with haunting and brutal historical / archaeological precedents and dire warnings -- from 3,500 BCE ( at least, if not more) to the Present. It holds clear and present dangers for all Humans, into all imaginable futures. Historical example desired? Fernando Álvarez de Toledo the 3rd Duke of Alba (1507 – 1582). Low Countries. Sixteenth century. The 'Council of Troubles' (i.e. Crisis Management Think Tank and Star Chamber) which thereafter became utterly infamous and abhorrently corrupt -- aka the Government-Terror 'Council of Blood'. Context? The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak. The Nederlandse Opstand (1566 – 1648, 81 years, 5 months, 4 weeks and 1 day). The Sea Beggars [a 'Basket of Deplorables' -- "N'ayez pas peur Madame, ce ne sont que des gueux" (as per Charles de Berlaymont, Lord of Floyon and Haultpenne and Baron of Hierges, 1510 - 1578) ]. And as cinematized political farce, La Kermesse héroïque [Carnival in Flanders] (1935, dirs. Jacques Feyder and Arthur Maria Rabenalt, from a novel by Charles Spaak [1903 - 1975]). Guess who ultimately lost, in a very bad way, after 81 years and innumerable instances of manifest judicial malfeasance and of punitive / confiscatory brutality by The Authorities? The System did.

 
 


Yes, sure, corporations and governments can buy "fact-checker-certified Truth", for fiat (printed) currency equivalents of the ancient silver Akkadian šiqlu (also mithqal, ref. مثقال‎, ref. ثَقَلَ, ref. 𐤔𐤒𐤋, cryptic ref. "Mene, mene, teqel u-farsin"; 11 to 9.8 - 9.5 / 7.2 grams of silver, historically devalued to as little as paltry 4.5 grams), from vastly-overpaid ideological 'PR managers of "information threats" '-- as always.
So very ancient, all of it. But only at severe societal cost. Yes, do let us talk here about Yuval Noah Harari. It is difficult to say whether he genuinely loves or fears the notion of Planet Earth being ruled by "inorganic entities" that "don’t breathe; they don’t have emotions". Pseudo-entities (Golem) that do not display or possess (for now) any genuine 'intelligence'. As Harari is alleged to have said, whether with alarm or with approbation, "It’s very practical: today when you apply to the bank for a loan and the bank basically lets an algorithm design your fate, and the algorithm says ‘No, don’t give this lady a loan.’ And you ask the bank why, and they say they don’t know; the algorithm said no ... Even the people who designed the algorithm don’t understand the decision that it is making.” Either way, what one is confronting here is a mind-blowing confession of Human disempowerment. Total deprivation of the celebrated and much desired "agency". Just like with the Irish Senate (Seanad Éireann) and Pauline O’Reilly: "when one thinks about it, all law and all legislation is about the restriction of freedom.
This is exactly what we are doing here. We are restricting freedom but we are doing it for the Common Good.” So, the exact same words as used by Danton, Roberspierre, Napoleon, Joseph Fouché, Stalin, Pol Pot (pseuds. "99", "Phem", etc.), Mussolini, and many other 'luminaries'. Government as the Comité de salut public (1793) and then the ominous, far-worse-than-the-Inquisition Comité de sûreté générale (whatever term / acronym one might want to deploy -- KGB, DGS, SNB, NKVD, Cheka, StaatsSicherheit, Okhrana, Political Police, 1984). For a literary impression set in a not-all-so-fictional late nineteenth century, read e.g. Umberto Ecos' sarcastic and brilliant The Cemetery of Prague. With all its imagery of corruption and official nonsense, amid comically shady dealings by Special Investigators, Special Agents, Special Prosecutors, etc. Summa summarum, we at the PSR are not even remotely willing, unlike Stephen Colbert of CBS (5 March 2024), to celebrate being "ready for the machines to tell us what to do" and not ready, like mindless children, "for the big machines that make big decisions programmed by fellows with compassion and vision." That is propagandistic and easily spotted baby-talk. For one, we have 0% trust, research-grounded, that 'programming fellows' have either compassion or visoin, and we have 0% trust, research- and intelligence-grounded, that the so very 'good fellows' are agenda-free and corruption-free.

"Every revolution evaporates and leaves behind only the slime of a new bureaucracy" (Franz Kafka, 1883-1924). NB: With the 'new bureaucracy' doing its very best to morph into a 'hereditary [pseudo-elected] bureaucracy'. 'Mission creep' and 'neo-feudalism'. Like the various ministeriales of the early Middle Ages. Result? Digital Panopticon Insane
Tyranny [but very Lucrative] (as discussed for instance in a very old non-digital framework by Michel Foucault in Surveiller et punir: Naissance de la prison [Paris: Gallimard, 1975]). Party-Line Bureaucrats (recently for the larger part on the 'left' rather than the 'right' [whatever such labels-of-convenience even remotely mean today]) utterly love the no-checks-and-balances Total Control and No Questions model. It is their fundamental raison d'être -- for they have none other. Like all the otherwise really unemployable arbitristas of the eighteenth century. What we have here is a historical hallmark of every Official(ized) 'Managing Class' -- Ministeriales Palatii, or any other historical variant of such structurally-shaped / devoted 'executives'. One might even think here in terms of a dynamic similar to the classic Mamluk & Ghulam model -- a fully alien(ated) enforcer cohort rooted in purchased / manufactured / youth-group-reared echo chamber loyalty to a Patron / Funds-Dispenser / Power-Idea and 'Cause'. One can very easily parse this in many ways. Let us run here a few candid quotations (there are tons and tons more of the same -- just mildly depends on one's linguistic agility). Thus "Plekhanov once said to me about a critic of Marxism . . . : “First, let’s stick the convict’s badge on him, and then after that we’ll examine his case.” And I think we must stick the “convict’s badge” on anyone and everyone who tries to undermine Marxism, even if we don’t go on to examine his case" (reminiscences by Николай Владиславович Валентинов, born Вольский [1890-1964], for instance in «Встречи с Лениным» [1953] and related works such as «Малознакомый Ленин»; «Ранние годы Ленина»). Which goes well wit: "There could be no life for him [a Bolshevik] outside the ranks of the Party, and he would be ready to believe that black was white, and white was black, if the Party required it. In order to become one with this great Party he would fuse himself with it, abandon his own personality, so that there was no particle left inside him which was not at one with the Party" (Георгий Леонидович Пятаков [1890, Черкасский уезд, Киевская губерния - 1 Feb. 1937, ironically enough executed, at night, for 'ideological deviationism (Trotskism)' on grounds of ст. 58-1а, 58-8, 58-9, 58-11 УК РСФСР, 'rehabilitated' in 1988 {which is sort of useless once one is shot dead}]). Which (the Pyatakov blue text) is of course not new or Revolutionary at all. Already St Ignatius of Loyola (thus the Jesuits) wrote exactly the same, word for word: "We should always be prepared, so as never to err, to hold that the white which I see is black, if the Hierarchical Church so decides it" (St Ignatius of Loyola, Spiritual Exercises (1548, yes, 1548 CE), No. 365). Ouch. So, Pyatakov (Георгий {Юрий} Пятаков) plagiarizes St Ignatius, at a distance of 372 years? That is RICH! But then, of course: 'You don't understand! Please educate yourself It's a MUSTIE!."

"It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary [funding, gravy, progress through the ranks, officer stripes, vacation, cottage-in-the-country (dacha), Party 'validation', medals, awards, 'incentive points', 'affirmation', your-photo-on-the-bulletin-board, company/Party vehicle, Great Star Order of the Achieving Achievement of Achievement in Congruence with Party Messaging as Approved by the Latest Revision of Approved Ideology and its Eternal Classics at the Umpteenth General Party Assembly] depends on his not understanding it." (Upton Sinclair, I, Candidate for Governor, and How I Got Licked in 1934 (see James Gregory. ed., Upton Sinclair's "I, Candidate for Governor: And How I Got Licked" [ Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994]) (Purported 'straw man' argument, etc., etc., etc., etc. , etc. Whatever -- Left, Right, Centre, Shmenter, and ALL The Rest. Applies right aross The Socio-Historical Spectrum and then some. No comment required. Just imagine! If one loses the 'perks of allyship and allegiance and "consensus" and Oath of Conformity and Ideological Litmus Test', it is "doubleplusungood" [George Orwell])

"There is no other way of guarding oneself from flatterers except letting men understand that to tell you the truth does not offend you" (Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince, 1513 [1532]) (Very many people, today, fail to comprehend this -- instead, they wish to deploy the full force of utterly corrupt partisan-stacked Law to ensure they will only hear what they demand to hear: endless dopamine-fix 'validation'. No comment.)

"The amount of energy necessary to refute BS is an order of magnitude bigger than to produce it [i.e. the BS] " (Alberto Brandolini) (The BS Asymmetry Principle. NB: The required amount of personal and financial energy, we would argue, grows by several orders of magnitude if the producers of the relevant (or rather irrelevant) BS are socially anointed 'prophets', officially deified 'Experts' or 'Voices', 'trusted sources' (anonymous, of course), Talk Show hosts, System- / Party-beholden 'influencers' and 'webfluencers' and 'journalists', and those with friends who are so fabulously rich that they could buy entire other Planets or Orbital Fabricaria if there were some on bargain-basement sale, nearby. Of course, the deified 'Voices' deem that they can simply 'terminate' a 'conversation' that is "not respectful" (i.e. not servile and obedient ) by walking out, switching off the Zoom / cute SkyEye Viewscreen, sending in Order-Enforcers, or activating Punitive Drone Swarms. In the long run, this it NOT going to work. Simply, NOT. Neither in SciFi, nor in Reality. Should one pity those willing to elevate BS over sober historical, source-based, tactical, strategic, technical, etc., knowledge (we did not say analysis -- analysis these days is for PR-sale)? We are not going to comment. We wish to add, though, of course borrowing and Satirically redirecting a quotation, thus: precision, rationality, and apolitical exactness are "a game-changer, like the Archimedean fulcrum, with the potential to shift ... [un]logics ... to ... functional praxes of [exactness]-affirming care for ... [non-tampered data], human others, and planetary co-habitants [even though they might be execrably 'deplorable' 'Other'-thinkers and thus deniers and Heretics and no-trial-required 'thought-criminals'"]. Yes we signalled we are redirecting -- but such redirecting has become so ubiquitous today that we might be legitimately excused for doing one itty bitty of that (people even get full-on PhDs for doing the exact same on a massive scale, and then progress to very exalted ideological and University and political positions).]


"Do you teach 'Rhetoric'? O Vettius, what a mind of iron / You need, when a crowded class slays ‘the cruel tyrant!’ / For, whatever they’ve just read, sitting, each in turn / Replicates standing, chants the same thing in identical lines. / Such stale Greens are simply DEATHLY SUFFERING for the poor teacher." (Decimus Junius Juvenalis [c. 55 CE (fl. before 100 CE)-ex. after 127-138 CE] [banished and exiled poet, 'cancelled' by the decrepit Imperial Cancel Culture], The Satires, Book 3, Satire VII: 150-215: 'Nor Do Teachers Of Rhetoric').
("Mr. Bauer realized how topical Juvenal was, how he dealt at length with such phenomena as arbitrary government, tyranny, corruption, the degradation of public morals, the decline of the Republican ideal and the terrorizing acts of the Praetorian Guards. (...) In a second-hand bookshop I found an 1838 translation of Juvenal with an extensive commentary, twice the length of the translated text itself, written at the height of the Romantic period. Though its price was more than I could really afford, I bought it. I read all of it very intensely, as if it was a detective novel. It was one of the few books to which I persistently held on throughout the war [WWII] and beyond, even when most of my other books were lost or sold on the black market" [Heinrich Theodor Böll, (1917–1985), What's to Become of the Boy? -- Or, Something to Do with Books [(orig. 1981), trans. Leila Vennewitz (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984)]

"On juge mieux de certains faits et de certains principes quand on les voit en dehors du cadre où ils se meuvent habituellement sous nos yeux ; le changement du point optique terrifie parfois les regards ! " ([Maurice Joly], Dialogue aux enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu, [Geneva, 15 October 1864] [Brussels: Mertens et Fils, 1864]). Funny how ANCIENT all that 2024 'Generative Lens' pseudo-sophisticated rhetoric actually is. This is a shoe that pinches on the Left as well as on the Right. The power of a 'reframing' ("changement du point optique") is basically a ''physical phenomenon' -- it is NOT a politically monopolizeable property. That is why 'meme-inverting' as well as 'slogan-inverting' fundamentally works, as biting satire. This why politicians and ideologists are so afraid of so-called 'disinformation super-spreader memes', so afraid that they put people behind bars for 'committing satire', with million-dollar fines and jail sentences longer than those that many criminals get for the vilest murder.

Does any of this sound 'uncomfortable' and 'not safe'? If yes -- which is as it should be -- and if you are interested, read up on  ► core intellectual freedoms. Or do not read up -- no one compels and threatens and 'debanks' ("cause-led 'banking' ") and censors and obfuscates and cancels and manipulates and artfully gaslights, NOT on OUR site.

 
 
   
   


   

Publishing Program, 2024

For our past and future volumes, please visit our Forthcoming and Recent webpages. An edited volume of reflections centered on Ceuta and Northern Morocco, 1415-2015, and a volume of studies on Minas Gerais (see below) remain available. Paul Christopher Manuel's monograph, Voices of the Revolution: Revisiting the Portuguese Revolution of 25 April 1974 -- Interviews and Insights, with interview texts in mirror Portuguese and English versions, was released on 30-31 December 2019, just before the COVID-19 crisis. It is going to be retranslated (with English components presented in Portuguese), and republished in Portugal. The roster of publications in progress includes new core translations into English of selected classic Portuguese sources of enduring cultural and research significance (in particular a new critical English translation of the Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis and the first ever English translation of the Manuscrito de Valentim Fernandes, involving a rigorous comparison between the published Portuguese and other versions and the original of the Manuscrito de Valentim Fernandes preserved in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Munich)). The Valentim Fernandes project will finally be fully ready in 2023 -2024 (labour-related COVID delays complicated unduly the final stages): (a) a full digital text of the transcription, newly derived from the manuscript and formatted to reflect the original accurately, (b) a full span of geospatially aware place name concordances (an analytical key), and (c) a digital atlas. More about our profle... >>

   
 

PSR Edited Volume No. 5
 Pablo A. Iglesias Magalhães (Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia and Universidade Federal de Sergipe) and Walmira Costa (Escola de Ciência da Informação da UFMG), eds., Edição e editores no Brasil e Portugal entre os séculos XVIII e XX (Toronto and Peterborough: Baywolf Press / Éditions Baywolf, 2022), 202 + xvi pages; ills. & diagrams; 9" x 6"; list price: $ 30.50 CAD; ISBN 978-0-921437-61-1 (soft-cover) (in stock; shipping to all clients; full digital access available to Lusophone Studies Association members as part of standard membership package [membership covers all currently available PSR / Baywolf Press publications, plus discounts for conferences]).

   

   
 
PSR Edited Volumes

Our most recent volumes in this peer-reviewed monographic series are:

Edição e editores no Brasil e Portugal entre os séculos XVIII e XX
, edited by Pablo A. Iglesias Magalhães (Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia and Universidade Federal de Sergipe) and Walmira Costa (Escola de Ciência da Informação da UFMG) (Toronto and Peterborough: Baywolf Press / Éditions Baywolf, 2022), 202 + xv pages; ills.; 9" x 6"; list price: $ 30.50 CAD; ISBN 978-0-921437-61-1 (digital access available to Lusophone Studies Association members as part of membership package; >> login here <<).


New Perspectives on Angola: From Slaving Colony to Nation State
, edited by José C. Curto (York University), with the assistance of Maryann Buri (York University) (Toronto and Peterborough: Baywolf Press / Éditions Baywolf, 2021), 9" x 6", 308 + xiv pages, tables and diagrams; list price: $ 39.50 CAD; ISBN 978-0-921437-55-0 (soft-cover) (digital access available to Lusophone Studies Association members as part of membership package; >> login here <<).


Encounters in Borderlands: Portugal, Ceuta, and the 'Other Shore'
, edited by Martin Malcolm Elbl (Toronto and Peterborough: Baywolf Press / Éditions Baywolf, 2019), 358 + xvi pages; ills. and maps; 9" x 6"; list price: $ 34.75 CAD; ISBN 978-0-921437-56-7 (soft-cover) (digital access available to Lusophone Studies Association members as part of membership package; >> login here <<).


As Minas Gerais do Brasil: economia, ciência e cultura nos séculos XVIII e XIX, edited by Rafael de Freitas, Sirleia Maria Arantes, and Weder Ferreira Silva (Toronto and Peterborough: Baywolf Press / Éditions Baywolf, 2019), 334 + xxii pages; ills. and maps; 9" x 6"; list price: $ 32.30 CAD; ISBN 978-0-921437-57-4 (soft-cover) (digital access available to Lusophone Studies Association members as part of membership package; >> login here <<).


Rivers and Shores: 'Fluviality' and the Occupation of Colonial Amazonia, edited by Rafael Chambouleyron and Luís Costa e Sousa (Toronto and Peterborough: Baywolf Press / Éditions Baywolf, 2019), 190 + xiv pages; ills. and maps; 9" x 6"; list price: $ 27.20 CAD; ISBN 978-0-921437-59-8 (soft-cover) (digital access available to Lusophone Studies Association members as part of membership package; >> login here <<).

 

Straits Amazonia Minas Gerias
 

   

  Featured Presses, Selected Publications, Auctions

(The PSR / Baywolf Press have zero stake in and derive nothing -- not one single fraction of one cent, or a single click (which are not monitored on our domain), or any collateral derivative -- from any announcements featured below. The announcements are occasional, purely voluntary, and simply reflect our warm and pleased appreciation. These are not to be considered 'advertisements'. Internet 'mythology' says 'endorsements' (or even better -- 'fake news') are astronomically profitable. The hard truth? Circa 1,000,000 'hits' / 'clicks typically yields under $500.00, maybe, perhaps, if you actually believe 'click-puffers'. And we just do not need $500.00. Not even remotely interested.That is all. End of so-called 'conversation'.

Antiquariaat FORUM BV
& ASHER Rare Books | Tuurdijk 16 | 3997 MS | 't Goy-Houten | The Netherlands
Dealers in Rare Books, Manuscripts, Drawings, Maps and Atlases from the 15th century to the early 19th century with special emphasis on the subjects of Travel, Natural History, Art and Architecture, Children's Books, Bindings, Coloured Plate Books, Emblem Books, Gastronomy, Medicine, Music, Science, 16th Century, Incunables, and Illuminated Manuscripts. We are pleased to feature, for sheer pleasure, their recent listing of rare books in the category Travel & Voyages, available at: https://madmimi.com/p/52fe371 . Please do visit, likewise, their valuable 'Forum Islamic World', with its offerings and catalogues, at: https://www.forumislamicworld.com/index.html

Faculdade de Belas-Artes da Universidade de Lisboa
& CIEBA – Centro de Investigação e de Estudos em Belas-Artes – Grupo de Investigação em Ciências da Arte e do Património – Francisco De Holanda. Ed. by Annemarie Jordan Gschwend, Fernando António Baptista, Maria João Gamito, O retrato ~ On Portraiture: teoria, prática e ficção. De Francisco de Holanda a Susan Sontag (2022) (ISBN 978-989-8944-78-8). Free PDF. To read or download register for free on academia.edu

   



Jaime Eguiguren Art & Antiques

Hugo Miguel Crespo & Annemarie Jordan Gschwend, The “Pangolin Fan”: An Imperial Ivory Fan from Ceylon. Artistic Confluence and Global Gift Exchange between Sri Lanka and Renaissance Portugal (Buenos Aires: Jaime Eguiguren Art & Antiques, 2022). ISBN: 978-84-09-41680-6. This richly illustrated book presents a definitive study of nine imperial ivory fans from Renaissance Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka), carved between 1542 and 1551, in the royal workshops of the lost Sinhalese kingdom of Kōttē (කෝට්ටේ රාජධානිය). These rare ivories, which display a mix of Hindu and Buddhist iconography, are today dispersed amongst public and private collections in Europe. They were commissioned by King Bhuvanekabāhu VII (1521-1551), at the height of his reign, as political gifts for high-ranking members of the Portuguese royal family. Five intricately carved Kōttē fans were earmarked for the Portuguese Queen, Catarina of Austria (r. 1525-1578), a Habsburg infanta and youngest sister of Emperor Charles V.

   




GloboLivros
Note the release, on 03 June 2022, of the commemorative edition of Laurentino Gomes,1822 - Edição comemorativa (ampliada e comemorativa pelo bicentenário da Independência), ISBN: 9786559870516; eISBN: 9786559870738. On 15 June 2022, GloboLivros announced the launch of the expected 3rd volume of Laurentino Gomes, Escravidão (592 pp.; ISBN: 9786559870523; eISBN: 9786559870776). Note also, among other, Rodrigo Alvarez, Redentor (a história do Cristo Redentor, o monumento mais conhecido do Brasil, que completa 90 anos em 2021) (released 28 September 2021) (ISBN: 9786586047486; eISBN: 9786559870073).

Berghahn Books
Note the 2023 release of a new volume by Patrícia Ferraz de Matos, Anthropology, Nationalism and Colonialism: Mendes Correia and the Porto School of Anthropology (New York & Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2023). The book is a result of several years of research and fieldwork in archives, institutions and interviews.
The cover illustration results from the artwork "Halte de Trie-Château" by the exceptional artist Adam Adach. The item is available in e-book format and in hardcover, which has a 50% discount, with the code FERR8751, until April 30, 2023. The complete Introduction can also be viewed and downloaded, at Berghahn.

Betrand Livreiros
As always, we are more than glad to promote the Bertrand booksellers' system. Their meme -- "Passionate for Books" fully matches our own. Whoever, on their team, coined the other meme -- "Fazemos História, estando no presente" -- possessed clear insight. We agree entirely. Watch their current Manifesto Bertrand -- Somos Livros on YouTube, at https://www.bertrand.pt/online/somos-livros . Note that we are not part of the Programa de Afiliados da Bertrand. We do not promote any thing in exchange for any rewards -- on principle. We are not a Globalist mannequin in a 'social network' of 'perks' -- it would undermine our Critical Independence. We merely express warm appreciation.

Routledge / Taylor and Francis Group
The PSR is pleased to recommend, on behalf of Routledge a classic volume (2021) edited by Jeremy Roe and Jean Andrews: Representing Women’s Political Identity in the Early Modern Iberian World (ISBN 9781138541863, 358 pp.). The volume includes studies by Joana Serrado, Lisa Voigt, Diane H. Bodart, Carla Alferes Pinto, Jean Andrews, Annemarie Jordan Gschwend, Vanessa de Cruz Medina, Trevor J. Dadson, Jeremy Roe, Gema Rivas Gómez Calcerrada, Ana Maria S.A. Rodrigues, Inmaculada Rodríguez Moya, Laura Oliván Santaliestra, and Susana Varela Flor. The volume's co-editor, Jeremy Roe, also presented an intricate study of the political iconography of D. João IV (Vila Viçosa, 19 March 1604 - Lisbon, 6 November 1656) in PSR 27_2. Please visit Routledge and order Representing Women’s Political Identity in the Early Modern Iberian World for your library. While you are on the Routledge site, check out their other recent and forthcoming volumes. Jeremy Roe is a translator and independent researcher affiliated with the Centro de Humanidades, Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Jean Andrews is Associate Professor of Hispanic Studies, University of Nottingham. She co-edited Writing Royal Entries in Early Modern Europe (2014) and Art and Painting, Vicente Carducho and Baroque Spain (2016). Her monograph Painting and Devotion in Golden Age Iberia: Luis de Morales was published in 2020.

Alfarrabista : José Lopes Gomes Soares Lda.
Are you looking for rare research-relevant titles difficult or even impossible to obtain -- especially in financially strapped North American libraries? Consider checking José Lopes Gomes Soares - Comércio de livros Lda. / Rua do Bonjardim, 398 / 4000-116 / Porto (Portugal) / Tel.: 222 024 405 / e-mail: geral@alfarrabista.eu . One of their recent available titles is for instance: Luís Bernardo Leite de Ataíde, Etnografia, arte e vida antiga dos Açores, 4 vols. (Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade, 1973). Give the link a try. Note, very recently, the often quite unobtainable Augusto Soares de Azevedo Barbosa de Pinho Leal, Portugal Antigo e Moderno, 12 vols. (Typ. Editora de Mattos Moreira & Comp.ª); Eduardo de Campos de Castro de Azevedo Soares, Bibliographia Nobiliarchica Portugueza, 5 Vols.; plus Alberto Pimentel, A Côrte de D. Pedro IV (Imprensa Portugueza); Alberto Pimentel, A Guerrilha de Frei Simão (Livraria de António Maria Pereira); and many other items. Browse, find, like or dislike as your will. Collect books. Love books.

Groupe Drouot: HÔTEL DROUOT, 9 rue Drouot, 75009 Paris, France
Composé de plusieurs filiales, le Groupe Drouot est un acteur incontournable du marché de l’art. L’Hôtel Drouot, situé au cœur de Paris, est la plus grande place de ventes aux enchères publiques au monde, depuis 1852. 15 salles de ventes sont proposées à plus de 60 maisons de vente. Rare objects, curios, unique items, books, unsuspected manuscripts of great historical value not available in any archival system. Includes, as service, online-only auctions (dematerialised auctions) and 'Buy Now' sales (sales of lots at fixed prices). Nearly 2 million items offered annually by c. 600 auction houses. Auction news reported every week in La Gazette Drouot, the leading weekly magazine for the art market and culture published by Auctionspress. Give the link a try. HÔTEL DROUOT, 9 rue Drouot, 75009 Paris, France, +33 (0)1 48 00 20 00, contact@drouot.com . For General Terms and Conditions of Use set by Drouot, see https://uk.drouot.com/general-terms

Librairie Frédéric Douin : Used, Rare, and Special Item Books

Shop at Douin -- rescue and cherish diverse books -- especially those printed before 2008. So that you could one day show (not just tell) your grandchildren and great-grand-children: "This is actually what a real 300-year-old book looked like"! As Douin posted: 'even books, not only stones, are part and parcel of Our Heritage'. Some people burn, banish, defame, 'cancel', 'weed-whacker on a hot day', and censor books -- 'destroy [them] in compliance with environmental guidelines', frequently without knowing anything whatsoever about the actual context and feeling ideologically entitled to claim that 'incorrect' works are of "no discernible literary or scientific merit; poorly written or presented". Others save and preserve priceless books, the Written Record of Humanity (NOT some sort of 'Peoplekind') even at the cost of their own life. Reference is to the iconic (in this respect) Ian Caldwell, The Rule of Four (2004), which is much more than an "ultimate puzzle book." It is a 'forgotten' work of utter Humanist defiance against schematic-template zealotry, censorship, and the fatal decline of a free & genuine Academia, fuelled by Savonarola-style book-'cancelling'-burning-'weed whacking'. You know very well which side we -- the PSR -- stand on. We would never refuse to publish a diversity of 'sides'. As the old song says, "Sweet dreams are made of this / Who am I to disagree?" (Eurythmics, the absolutely haunting Track 6 of 'Sweet Dreams [Are Made of This], 1983, originally recorded on dirt cheap basement and second-hand studio equipment). It all indeed is -- and has been for entire millennia -- a question of fundamental 'values'.

Casa Editrice Leo S. Olschki
Note, among other, some recent volumes of use to art historians and comparativists, with regard to tracing convergences of Italian and Iberian artistic scenes: Riccardo Gandolfi, Le Vite degli artisti di Gaspare Celio («Compendio delle Vite di Vasari con alcune altre aggiunte»),
Biblioteca dell'«Archivum Romanicum». Serie I: Storia, Letteratura, Paleografia, vol. 504, ISBN: 9788822267023; Giorgio Vasari e la «Vita di Marcantonio Bolognese, e d'altri intagliatori di stampe», Edizioni e fortuna critica (1568-1760), Testi e fonti per la storia del disegno e della grafica, vol. 1, ISBN: 9788822268068.

Paul Holberton Publishing 
The Global City: On the Streets of Renaissance Lisbon, edited by Annemarie Jordan Gschwend and K. J. P. Lowe (Paul Holberton Publishing: London, 2015; ISBN 9781907372889; 240 pp.) draws us into the past sensory universe of a Lisbon pre-dating the sudden seismic shock and tsunami of 1755. It does so from the starting point of two large-scale sixteenth-century vistas by an anonymous Flemish master that depict the Rua Nova dos Mercadores commercial and financial thoroughfare. Acquired in 1866 by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, the vistas contribute a unique spatio-temporal window into the past, at street level, bustling with the stark contradictions and contrasts of a global metropolis. The volume conjoins the two works of art with a wealth of data from newly found or suitably valorized archival documents, accompanied by a carefully selected display of little known or unpublished images of contemporary trade staples, curiosities, luxury and prestige items, naturalia, exotica, and other objects. A physical expression of the worldwide tangle of commerce, the Rua Nova as an architectural construct symbolically echoed the estuary of the river Tagus as a natural feature opening out to the Atlantic and to the oceans far beyond. The book Iets readers glimpse Lisbon and its material culture in all the vibrant cosmopolitanism characterizing this major trading hub of the Renaissance world, a hub whose essence and texture were to be forever altered by one of the planet's iconic natural cataclysms – an earthquake and a tsunami – on Saturday, 1 November 1755, the holiday of All Saints' Day. Please visit the PHP website for other recently published books.



 

 

 


   
 
Access and Distribution

Look for us at Gale/CENGAGE and EBSCOhost e-resource and database centers in your subscribing library (our abstracts will also be restreamed at ProQuest). Soon on JSTOR. Ask your library to subscribe. Or subscribe in person. Previews of the PSR are available through Google Books (program now discontinued, replaced by previews on our own sites).

BIBLID
National Library of Canada Cataloguing Record
Portuguese Studies Review
ISSN 1057-1515 print
Semiannual
v. : ill. : 23 cm
1. Portugal–Civilization–Periodicals. 2. Africa, Portuguese-speaking–Civilization–Periodicals. 3. Brazil–Civilization–Periodicals. 4. Portugal–Civlisation–Périodiques. 5. Afrique lusophone– Civilisation–Périodiques. 6. Brésil–Civilisation–Périodiques.
DP532             909/.0917/5691005 21

Library of Congress Cataloguing Record
Portuguese Studies Review
ISSN 1057-1515 print
Semiannual
v. : ill. : 23 cm
1. Portugal–Civilization–Periodicals. 2. Africa, Portuguese-speaking–Civilization–Periodicals. 3. Brazil–Civilization–Periodicals.
DP532 .P67       909/.091/5691 20 92-659516


In
dexing: American History and Life, Historical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, Political Science Complete, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Worldwide Political Science Abstracts; EBSCOHost. Archive: Google Books (preview program now terminated, replaced by a preview program on our own sites); GALE/Cengage Learning (Academic OneFile).



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